Vol 16, No 1 (2017)

Dendritic cells play key role during tumorigenesis and immune response to it. They are able to uptake and present antigens to T cells, resulting in specific T cell mediated immune response. Furthermore, interaction between dendritic cells and other types of immune cells may boost cell-mediated and humoral immune response to cancer. Contrary to that, numerous tumor-derived factors may attract dendritic cells to neoplastic sites, causing impairment of their maturation, differentiation, and functional activity, resulting in deficiency of anti-tumor immune response or dendritic cell-mediated tolerance. Various factors within tumor microenvironment may either stimulate or inhibit dendritic cells and therefore need to be determined for improving efficacy of biotherapy utilizing dendritic cells. Meanwhile, recovery of dendritic cells functions in cancer patients remains one of primary aims for cancer immunotherapy. This review outlines main types of tumor-derived factors and their impact on dendritic cells in cancer.

Introduction. So far in the literature there is no consensus on the relationship between the level of androgens and their metabolites in various biological fluids and tissues with the development of breast cancer. As suggested by many researchers, determining the level of androgenetic receptors (AR) in the tumor in patients with breast cancer are able to access a number of promising directions in the study of prognosis of the disease and the search for new approaches to endocrine therapy of different molecular subtypes of breast cancer. Objective. To evaluate the clinical and prognostic significance of the immunohistochemical expression of AR in different molecular types of breast cancer. Materials and methods. In the present work we have studied the expression of AR in tumor tissue in patients of different molecular types of breast cancer. Results. The risk of death in patients with AR-positive breast cancer is 88 % lower than in patients with AR-negative tumors. Conclusion. It was concluded that the study of the expression of AR, is a promising direction not only in the assessment of the prognosis of the disease, but when searching for additional approaches to the treatment of breast cancer.

Introduction. An increase in patients with diabetes and a large number of amputations of limbs make the search for new treatments for these patients. Materials and methods. The study included 17 patients with complicated forms of diabetes. Patients were studied in the bone marrow immediately after surgery - the amputation of the limb. The number of hematopoietic stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells using specific markers were determined in the laboratory. The immunohistochemical characteristics of bone marrow were carried out for all samples. Results and conclusion. The obtained results indicate the biological value of bone marrow removed with amputation of the lower limb of the patient with complicated diabetes mellitus. The ease of obtaining bone marrow makes the procedure approachable in surgical practice. The presence of hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells provides the opportunity to use them in autologous cell therapy for patient.

Introduction. Glucocorticoids are the important component of combined chemotherapy of blood cancer. Therapeutic effects of glucocorticoids is realized via activation of glucocorticoid receptor transrepression, the development of side effects is associated with transactivation. We demonstrated earlier that compound belonging the class of selective glucocorticoid receptor agonists, CpdA, selectively induced transrepression in blood cancer cells. CpdA represents a mixture of two enantiomers, which can differ in interaction with the receptor. Aim. The main aim of present study was to synthesize CpdA enantiomers and to evaluate their biological properties. Materials and methods. Synthesis was carried out based on Sharpless dihydroxylation; anti-tumor activity in vitro was evaluated by antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects. Ligand properties were estimated by PCR-analysis of glucocorticoid- and NF-kB-dependent genes expression. Results and conclusions. We demonstrated that CpdA enantiomers revealed anti-tumor activity in vitro and did not induce transactivation. Moreover, S-enantiomer of CpdA in the most tests demonstrated more pronounced activity and is more perspective molecule for future studies in vivo.

The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the life-span and physical status (weight, hair character, motor activity) of CBA inbred mice with high frequency of spontaneous hepatocarcinomas using multiphytoadaptogene complex (MPAC) preventive administration in early postnatal ontogenesis. Materials and method. MPAC is a herbal formula composed of forty plants water-ethanol extracts components including adaptogenes Panax ginseng, Eleutheroccosus senticosus, Rhodiola rosea. Anti-tumour, anti-oxidant, anti-mutagenic, immunomodifying activities of MPAC was demonstrated in previous studies. The study was carried out on 131 males of CBA mouse strain. The experimental mice received 10 % MPAC solution in drinking water during the first month of life including the final time period of liver differentiation. Motor activity was determined by a test of the «open field» automatically using Opto-Varimex-3 (Columbus Instruments, USA). The average lifespan was evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed with the program STATISTICA 6.0. Survival median was determined by the Kaplan-Meier method. Results. MPAC preventive use in early postnatal ontogenesis promotes mouse longevity increase for 17,1 % (p < 0,001), longevity median -for 25,6 % (p < 0,001). Physical status of experimental animals using MPAC administration had an advantage over control mice. Conclusion. So, data obtained demonstrate nontoxic MPAC administration in early ontogenesis promotes significant life-span increase, keeps the body weight, good coat state, motor activity as well as prevents hepatocarcinomas formation.