Background. Urticaria is а common disease characterized by the formation on the skin itchy blisters. It is easy to diagnose an urticaria, but it isn’t always simple to treat because of various severity, frequent resistance to antihistamine drugs, a substantial reduction in quality of life. Objective. The purpose of the study is to carry out the retrospective analysis of medical case history of patients with acute and chronic urticaria for identification of the most significant etiological factors of the disease for the optimization of diagnostics and treatment of such patients. Materials and methods. There were analysed 307 medical cards of the patients with various forms of urticaria who were on treatment in the allergology department from 2008 till 2014. The diagnosis was established on the basis on the results of the clinical methods conforming to the standards of diagnosis of this disease, and also specific allergological research. Results. Though patients with acute and chronic urticaria pass examination and treatment in the hospital according to the one medical economic standard, patients with a chronic urticaria demand wider range of diagnostic actions. Respectively, their medical examination is more expensive. Conclusion. Despite on a wide range of the possible reasons of an urticaria, there are patients at whom the provocative factor isn»t taped. Thus, the urticaria is a multicausal disease at which complex examination of the patient is required.