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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Biotherapy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Biotherapy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский биотерапевтический журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-9784</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1726-9792</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1626</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1726-9784-2026-25-2-51-63</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORTS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Prognostic significance of <italic>KRAS, NRAS, </italic> and <italic>BRAF</italic> mutations in patients with colorectal cancer and liver metastases: results of a single-center retrospective study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Прогностическое значение мутаций <italic>KRAS, NRAS</italic> и <italic>BRAF</italic> у пациентов с колоректальным раком и метастазами в печени (результаты одноцентрового ретроспективного исследования)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9732-4033</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Makiev</surname><given-names>Georgii G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макиев</surname><given-names>Георгий Георгиевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>mak.geor@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5615-7806</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedyanin</surname><given-names>Mikhail Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федянин</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>mak.geor@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6399-963X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Abdulaeva</surname><given-names>Rukiyat Sh.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абдулаева</surname><given-names>Р. Ш.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>mak.geor@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9517-0575</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Polyanskaya</surname><given-names>Sofiya I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полянская</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>mak.geor@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7457-3889</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalinin</surname><given-names>Aleksey E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калинин</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>mak.geor@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5348-5011</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Polyakov</surname><given-names>Alexander N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поляков</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>mak.geor@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5219-2890</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rays</surname><given-names>Anastasia B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Райс</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>mak.geor@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0103-446X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kutakov</surname><given-names>Nikita M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кутаков</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>mak.geor@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8236-2808</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Korshak</surname><given-names>Alina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коршак</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>mak.geor@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1953-809X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kashcheeva</surname><given-names>Alina Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кащеева</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>mak.geor@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0008-9124</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lezina</surname><given-names>Ksenia S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лезина</surname><given-names>К. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>mak.geor@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7297-5240</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stroganova</surname><given-names>Anna M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Строганова</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>mak.geor@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2245-214X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tryakin</surname><given-names>Alexey A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трякин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>mak.geor@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н. Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">“OncoStop” Radiation Therapy Center</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Центр лучевой терапии «ОнкоСтоп»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.I. Pirogov National Medical and Surgical Center, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медико-хирургический центр им. Н. И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет им. М. В. Ломоносова»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow Multidisciplinary Clinical Center “Kommunarka”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский многопрофильный клинический центр «Коммунарка»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff6"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lapino Clinical Hospital of the “Mother and Child” Group of Companies</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Клинический госпиталь «Лапино» группы компаний «Мать и дитя»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-07-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>51</fpage><lpage>63</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-07-18"><day>18</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, ABV-Press</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, АБВ-пресс</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ABV-Press</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">АБВ-пресс</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://bioterapevt.abvpress.ru/jour/about/editorialPolicies</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://bioterapevt.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/1626">https://bioterapevt.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/1626</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background.</bold> The significance of specific mutation variants, particularly rare ones, in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and isolated liver metastases is insufficiently studied, while the possibility of achieving resectability is critical in the context of prognosis and survival.</p> <p><bold>Aim.</bold> To assess the prognostic significance of various mutations in the <italic>KRAS</italic>, <italic>NRAS</italic>, and <italic>BRAF </italic>genes in patients with CRC.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> The study included 366 patients with CRC and isolated liver metastases. Group 1 (n = 198) included patients with mutations in <italic>KRAS, NRAS, BRAF</italic> (Mut) genes, and Group 2 (n = 168) included those without activating mutations (wild-type – <italic>wt</italic>). Progression-free survival (PFS), risk of progression, rate and chance of achieving resectability were assessed.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> Group 1 showed worse outcomes compared to Group 2: a lower rate of liver resection (36.9 % vs 49.4 %; <italic>p</italic> = 0.016) and a shorter median PFS (10.3 <italic>vs</italic> 12.9 months; hazard ratio 1.57 [95 % confidence interval 1.24–1.99;<italic> p</italic> &lt; 0.001). Significant heterogeneity was revealed among Mut patients. The worst prognosis was associated with <italic>KRAS</italic> G12D mutations (median PFS 5.9 months; hazard ratio 2.99 [95 % confidence interval 2.08–4.3; <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001), as well as G12C, G12A, and <italic>BRAF</italic> mutations. However, performing liver resection improves long-term outcomes even in this patient subgroup. In contrast, patients with <italic>KRAS</italic> G13D mutations and rare A146 / K117 / Q61 mutations demonstrated significantly better long-term outcomes and a high rate of resectability.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> This study evaluates the prognostic value of <italic>RAS / BRAF</italic> mutations in patients with CRC and isolated liver involvement. These findings are essential for patient stratification in the current era of personalized therapy.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Значение конкретных вариантов мутаций, особенно редких, у пациентов с колоректальным раком (КРР) и изолированными метастазами в печени изучено недостаточно, при этом возможность достижения резектабельности критически важна в контексте прогноза и выживаемости.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – оценка прогностического значения различных мутаций в генах <italic>KRAS</italic>, а также <italic>NRAS</italic> и <italic>BRAF</italic> у пациентов с КРР.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> В исследование включены 366 пациентов с КРР и изолированными метастазами в печени. В 1-ю группу (<italic>n</italic> = 198) вошли больные с мутациями в генах <italic>KRAS</italic>, <italic>NRAS, BRAF</italic> (Mut), во 2-ю группу (<italic>n</italic> = 168) – без активирующих мутаций (дикого типа – <italic>wt</italic>). Оценивали выживаемость без прогрессирования заболевания, риск прогрессирования, частоту и шанс достижения резектабельности.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Первая группа показала худшие результаты по сравнению со 2-й: меньшая частота резекции печени (36,9 % <italic>vs</italic> 49,4 %; <italic>p</italic> = 0,016), меньшая медиана выживаемости без прогрессирования заболевания (10,3 vs 12,9 мес; отношение рисков 1,57, 95 % доверительный интервал 1,24–1,99; <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0,001). Среди Mut-группы выявлена значительная гетерогенность. Наихудший прогноз был ассоциирован с мутациями <italic>KRAS</italic> G12D (медиана выживаемости без прогрессирования 5,9 мес; отношение рисков 2,99, 95 % доверительный интервал 2,08–4,3; <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0,001), также G12C, G12A и<italic> BRAF</italic>. Однако проведение резекции печени улучшает отдаленные результаты даже в этой подгруппе пациентов. Напротив, у пациентов с мутацией <italic>KRAS</italic> G13D и редкими мутациями A146 / K117 / Q61 продемонстрированы значительно лучшие отдаленные результаты и высокая частота резектабельности.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Исследование определяет прогностическое значение мутаций <italic>RAS / BRAF</italic> у пациентов с КРР и изолированным поражением печени. Эти данные важны для стратификации пациентов в эпоху развития персонифицированной терапии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>colorectal cancer</kwd><kwd>KRAS / NRAS / BRAF</kwd><kwd>liver metastases</kwd><kwd>resectability of metastases</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>колоректальный рак</kwd><kwd>KRAS / NRAS / BRAF</kwd><kwd>метастазы в печени</kwd><kwd>резектабельность метастазов</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Федянин М.Ю., Гладков О.А., Гордеев С.С. и др. 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