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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Biotherapy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Biotherapy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский биотерапевтический журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-9784</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1726-9792</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1573</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1726-9784-2025-24-3-83-91</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORTS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Detection of minimal residual disease after induction chemotherapy and autologous HSCT and its clinical significance in multiple myeloma</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Детекция минимальной остаточной болезни после индукционной химиотерапии и ауто-ТГСК и ее клиническое значение при множественной миеломе</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4412-5019</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chulkova</surname><given-names>Svetlana V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чулкова</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana Vasilievna Chulkova</p><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p><p>1a Ostrovityanova St., Moscow 117997</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Светлана Васильевна Чулкова </p><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p><p>117997 Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1а </p></bio><email>chulkova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8509-0954</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kupriyshina</surname><given-names>Natalia A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Купрышина</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4951-3053</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Semenova</surname><given-names>Anastasiya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семенова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8493-9012</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolbatskaya</surname><given-names>Olga P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колбацкая</surname><given-names>О. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5771-4413</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tumyan</surname><given-names>Gayane S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тумян</surname><given-names>Г. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia (Pirogov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГAOУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава&#13;
России (Пироговский Университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-09-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>83</fpage><lpage>91</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-09-30"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-09-30"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://bioterapevt.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/1573">https://bioterapevt.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/1573</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background.</bold> Minimal residual disease (MRD) study is a necessary step for detailed analysis of tumor clone persistence in bone marrow of patients with multiple myeloma (MM), which is important for assessing the depth of remission during treatment. MRD assessment can be useful for building a prognosis of MM and choosing patient management tactics.</p><p><bold>Aim.</bold> To assess the frequency of MRD and its prognostic significance in patients with MM during treatment.</p><p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> The study included 56 patients with MM, the average age of which was 54.9 ± 1.3 years.</p><p>All patients received induction chemotherapy, which was carried out according to the Vrd regimen. After induction therapy and 100 days after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT), MRD status was assessed. MRD status was assessed by multicolor flow cytometry (FACSCanto II, Kaluza Analysis v2.1 software, USA). Monoclonal antibodies: CD45, CD19, CD27, CD56, CD28, CD38, CD117, CD19, CD81, immunoglobulin light chains kapa / lambda, 7ADD (Becton Diсkinson, USA).</p><p><bold>Results.</bold> The frequency of MRD-negative status after induction therapy was 35.7 %, after auto-HSCT – 56.7 %.</p><p>A decrease in the number of abnormal plasma cells (PC) in the bone marrow by 1.3 times was noted compared to the induction therapy stage. Conversion of MRD-positive cases was established during treatment. In the group with the PC content in the bone marrow after induction therapy more than 0.01 %, but less than 0.1 %, the MRD status changed after auto-HSCT and became negative in 53 % of patients. In the presence of PC more than 0.01 % after induction, the progression rate increased more than 2-fold and was 50.0 % (<italic>p</italic> &lt;0.05). The average number of PCs in patients without disease progression detected after auto-HSCT was significantly lower: 0.02 % <italic>versus</italic> 0.31 %, <italic>p</italic> &lt;0.05.</p><p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> The frequency of MRD-negative status at the stage of induction therapy and after auto-HSCT differs, so several control points are important. After auto-HSCT, there is a conversion of MRD-positive cases to negative ones. Progression of MM was observed more often with MRD-positive status. Monitoring of MRD can help in selecting candidates for joining maintenance treatment of MM.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение. </bold>Исследование минимальной остаточной болезни (МОб) – необходимый этап детального анализа персистенции опухолевого клона в костном мозге больных множественной миеломой (ММ), что важно для оценки глубины ремиссии на фоне лечения. Оценка МОб может быть полезной для построения прогноза ММ и выбора тактики ведения больных.</p><p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – оценка частоты МОб и ее прогностической значимости у больных ММ в процессе лечения.</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> В исследование включены 56 больных ММ, средний возраст которых составлял 54,9 ± 1,3 года. Все больные получали индукционную химиотерапию (ИХТ), которую проводили по схеме Vrd. После ИХТ и через 100 дней после трансплантации аутологичных гемопоэтических стволовых клеток (ауто-ТГСК) оценивали статус МОб. Оценка МОб-статуса выполнена методом многоцветной проточной цитометрии (FACSCanto II, программа Kaluza Analysis v2.1, США). Моноклональные антитела: CD45, CD19, CD27, CD56, CD28, CD38, CD117, CD19, CD81, легкие цепи иммуноглобулина κ / λ, 7AD (Becton Diсkinson, США).</p><p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Частота МОб-негативного статуса после ИХТ составила 35,7 %, после ауто-ТГСК – 56,7 %. Отмечено снижение количества аномальных плазматических клеток (ПК) в костном мозге в 1,3 раза по сравнению с этапом ИХТ. Установлена конверсия МОб-позитивных случаев на фоне лечения. В группе с содержанием ПК в костном мозге после ИХТ от 0,01 до 0,1 % МОб-статус изменился после ауто-ТГСК и стал негативным у 53 % пациентов. При наличии более 0,01 % ПК после ИХТ частота прогрессирования возросла более чем в 2 раза и составила 50,0 % (<italic>р</italic> &lt;0,05). Среднее число ПК у пациентов без прогрессирования болезни, выявляемых после ауто-ТГСК, было значительно меньше – 0,02 % против 0,31 %, <italic>р</italic> &lt;0,05.</p><p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Частота МОб-негативного статуса на этапе ИХТ и после ауто-ТГСК отличается, поэтому важны несколько точек контроля. После аутоТГКС наблюдают конверсию МОб-позитивных случаев в негативные. Прогрессирование ММ наблюдалось достоверно чаще при МОб-позитивном статусе. Мониторинг МОб может помочь в выборе кандидатов на присоединение поддерживающего лечения ММ.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>multiple myeloma</kwd><kwd>autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation</kwd><kwd>minimal residual diseas</kwd><kwd>flow cytometry</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>множественная миелома</kwd><kwd>ауто-ТГСК</kwd><kwd>минимальная остаточная болезнь</kwd><kwd>проточная цитометрия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rajkumar S.V., Dimopoulos M.A., Palumbo A. et al. International Myeloma Working Group updated criteria for the diagnosis of multiple myeloma. Lancet Oncol 2014;15(12):e538–48. DOI: 10.1016/S1470-2045(14)70442-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rajkumar S.V., Dimopoulos M.A., Palumbo A. et al. 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