<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Biotherapy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Biotherapy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский биотерапевтический журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-9784</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1726-9792</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1572</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1726-9784-2025-24-3-70-82</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORTS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Prognostic significance of TWIST and E-cadherin expression in primary tumor blocks of patients with early-stage melanoma and locally advanced rectal cancer: impact on disease outcome and therapy effectiveness</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Прогностическое значение экспрессии маркеров Е-кадгерина и TWIST в первичных опухолевых блоках пациентов с меланомой кожи ранних стадий и распространенным раком прямой кишки: влияние на прогноз заболевания и эффективность проводимого лечения</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pasechnikova</surname><given-names>Elizaveta A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пасечникова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elizaveta Aleksandrovna Pasechnikova </p><p>4 Mitrofanа Sedina St., Krasnodar 350063</p><p>146 Dimitrova St., Krasnodar 350040</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елизавета Александровна Пасечникова </p><p>350063 Краснодар,  ул. Митрофана Седина, 4</p><p>350040 Краснодар,  ул. Димитрова, 146</p></bio><email>pasechnikovali@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Georgieva</surname><given-names>Anastasiia Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Георгиева</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>146 Dimitrova St., Krasnodar 350040</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>350040 Краснодар,  ул. Димитрова, 146</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bodnya</surname><given-names>Vadim N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бодня</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>4 Mitrofanа Sedina St., Krasnodar 350063</p><p>167 1 Maya St., Krasnodar 350086</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>350063 Краснодар,  ул. Митрофана Седина, 4</p><p>350086 Краснодар, ул. 1 Мая, 167</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kadomtsev</surname><given-names>Dmitry V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кадомцев</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>146 Dimitrova St., Krasnodar 350040</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>350040 Краснодар,  ул. Димитрова, 146</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Porkhanov</surname><given-names>Vladimir A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Порханов</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>4 Mitrofanа Sedina St., Krasnodar 350063</p><p>167 1 Maya St., Krasnodar 350086</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>350063 Краснодар,  ул. Митрофана Седина, 4</p><p>350086 Краснодар, ул. 1 Мая, 167</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Verevkin</surname><given-names>Alexandr A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Веревкин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>4 Mitrofanа Sedina St., Krasnodar 350063</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>350063 Краснодар,  ул. Митрофана Седина, 4</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Maksimenko</surname><given-names>Sofia D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Максименко</surname><given-names>С. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>146 Dimitrova St., Krasnodar 350040</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>350040 Краснодар,  ул. Димитрова, 146</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kuban State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Кубанский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Clinical Oncology Dispensary № 1, Ministry of Health of the Krasnodar Krai</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Клинический онкологический диспансер № 1» Минздрава Краснодарского края</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Institute – Ochapovsky Regional Hospital № 1, Ministry of Health of the Krasnodar Krai</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Научно-исследовательский институт – Краевая клиническая больница № 1 им. проф. С. В. Очаповского» Минздрава Краснодарского края</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-09-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>70</fpage><lpage>82</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-09-30"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-09-30"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://bioterapevt.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/1572">https://bioterapevt.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/1572</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Aim.</bold> To assess the prognostic value of TWIST and E-cadherin expression in primary tumor samples of patients with early-stage cutaneous melanoma and locally advanced rectal cancer. To determine their association with clinicopathological features, risk of progression, and treatment response.</p><p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> A retrospective analysis of two patient cohorts was performed. The first cohort included</p><p>101 patients with pT1a–1b cutaneous melanoma. The second cohort comprised 75 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (T2–4N0–2M0) who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. In all cases, immunohistochemical assessment of TWIST and E-cadherin expression in primary tumors was carried out. Associations with disease progression, treatment effectiveness, and histopathological features were analyzed.</p><p><bold>Results.</bold> In melanoma patients, reduced E-cadherin expression (&lt;80 %) and elevated TWIST expression (&gt;20 %) were significantly associated with 5-year disease progression (<italic>p </italic>&lt;0.01). In rectal cancer patients, similar expression profiles correlated with poor response to chemoradiotherapy (tumor regression grading: 3–4), low tumor regression grade, and reduced overall and disease-free survival (<italic>p </italic>&lt;0.05). TWIST and E-cadherin demonstrated independent prognostic significance in both cancer types.</p><p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> Altered TWIST and E-cadherin expression in primary tumors reflects epithelial – mesenchymal transition activation, associated with aggressive clinical behavior, therapy resistance, and higher risk of disease progression. These markers may be used to refine risk stratification and guide treatment personalization.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – оценить прогностическую значимость экспрессии маркеров эпителиально-мезенхимального перехода TWIST и E-кадгерина в первичных опухолях у пациентов с меланомой кожи ранних стадий и распространенным раком прямой кишки, выявить связь экспрессии с клинико-морфологическими характеристиками опухоли, риском прогрессирования и ответом на проводимое лечение.</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Проведен ретроспективный анализ данных 2 когорт пациентов. Первая когорта включала 101 пациента с меланомой кожи с распространенностью первичной опухоли pT1a–1b. Вторая когорта – 75 пациентов с распространенным раком прямой кишки (T3–4N0–2M0), получивших неоадъювантную химиолучевую терапию. Во всех случаях проводили иммуногистохимическую оценку экспрессии TWIST и E-кадгерина в первичных опухолях. Анализировали связь с прогрессированием заболевания, эффектом терапии и морфологическими характеристиками.</p><p><bold>Результаты.</bold> У пациентов с меланомой кожи снижение экспрессии E-кадгерина (&lt;80 %) и повышение TWIST</p><p>(&gt;20 %) ассоциировалось с риском прогрессирования заболевания в течение 5 лет (<italic>p </italic>&lt;0,01). При раке прямой кишки аналогичные профили экспрессии коррелировали с худшим эффектом от химиолучевой терапии (tumor regression grading: 3–4), низким уровнем патоморфоза, а также со снижением общей и безрецидивной выживаемости (<italic>p</italic> &lt;0,05). TWIST и E-кадгерин демонстрируют независимую прогностическую значимость при обоих типах опухоли.</p><p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Изменение экспрессии маркеров TWIST и E-кадгерина в первичных опухолях отражает активацию эпителиально-мезенхимального перехода, ассоциированного с агрессивным клиническим течением, сниженной чувствительностью к терапии и повышенным риском прогрессирования. Эти маркеры могут быть использованы для уточнения стратификации риска и индивидуализации лечебной тактики.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cutaneous melanoma</kwd><kwd>rectal cancer</kwd><kwd>epithelial-mesenchymal transition</kwd><kwd>TWIST</kwd><kwd>E-cadherin</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>меланома кожи</kwd><kwd>рак прямой кишки</kwd><kwd>эпителиально-мезенхимальный переход</kwd><kwd>TWIST</kwd><kwd>E-кадгерин</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chmykhkalo V.K. Interaction of the nuclear factor kappa bi cascade and genes regulating the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Zhivye y biokosnye sistemy = Living and Biotic Systems 2021;(37). (In Russ.). DOI: 10.18522/2308-9709-2021-37-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чмыхало В.К. Взаимодействие каскада ядерного фактора каппа-би и генов – регуляторов эпителиально-мезенхимального перехода. Живые и биокосные системы 2021;(37). DOI: 10.18522/2308-9709-2021-37-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aleksinsky V.S., Basinsky V.A. Expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin molecules in skin melanoma: prognostic and morphological relevance. Zhurnal Grodnenskogo gosudarstvennogo medicinskogo universiteta = Journal of the Grodno State Medical University 2016;3(55):58–61. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алексинский В.С., Басинский В.А. Анализ взаимосвязи экспрессии молекул клеточной адгезии Е-кадгерина и β-катенина с морфологическими параметрами и прогнозом заболевания при меланоме кожи. Журнал Гродненского государственного медицинского университета 2016;3(55):58–61.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Glyanko M.V., Bezdieniezhnykh N.A., Kudryavets Yu.I. et al. Assessment of the most important marker in patients with colorectal cancer through modeling forecasting models to determine the probability of disease progression. Onkologicheskij zhurnal = Oncological Journal 2017;11(41): 13–20. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Глянько М.В., Безденежных Н.А., Кудрявець Ю.Й. и др. Оценка наиболее информативных маркеров у больных колоректальным раком путем моделирования прогностической модели для определения вероятности прогрессирования заболевания. Онкологический журнал 2017;11(41):13–20.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rosenfeld I.I., Shestakova V.G., Nigmatullina L.I., Kamalova N.E. Pathophysiological significance of E-cadherin in malignant tumors. Mezhdunarodnyy zhurnal meditsiny i psikhologii = International Journal of Medicine and Psychology 2020;3(5):100–6. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Розенфельд И.И., Шестакова В.Г., Нигматуллина Л.И., Камалова Н.Е. Патофизиологическое значение Е-кадгерина в развитии злокачественных новообразований. Международный журнал медицины и психологии 2020;3(5):100–6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Wang M., Deng C., Yang C. et al. Unraveling temporal and spatial biomarkers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer: insights into the crucial role of immunosuppressive cells. J Transl Med 2023;21(1):794. DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04600-x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Danen E.H., de Vries T.J., Morandini R. et al. E-cadherin expression in human melanoma. Melanoma Res 1996;6(2): 127–31. DOI: 10.1097/00008390-199604000-00007</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen Y., Zheng X., Wu C. The role of the tumor microenvironment and treatment strategies in colorectal cancer. Front Immunol 2021;12:792691. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.792691</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen Y., Zheng X., Wu C. The role of the tumor microenvironment and treatment strategies in colorectal cancer. Front Immunol 2021;12:792691. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.792691</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Rodriguez F.J., Lewis-Tuffin L.J., Anastasiadis P.Z. E-cadherin’s dark side: possible role in tumor progression. Biochim Biophys Acta 2012;1826(1):23–31. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2012.03.002</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Liu Y., Chen M., Wu B. TWIST1 promotes colorectal carcinoma stemness and oxaliplatin resistance by activating microfibrillarassociated protein 2. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2023;21(5): 202–11. DOI: 10.1089/adt.2022.099</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Oh B.Y., Kim S.Y., Lee Y.S. et al. Twist1-induced epithelialmesenchymal transition according to microsatellite instability status in colon cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016;7(35):57066–76. DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10974</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Kawamoto A., Yokoe T., Tanaka K. et al. Radiation induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2012;27(1):51–7. DOI: 10.3892/or.2011.1485</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Zhang H., Steed A., Co M., Chen X. Cancer stem cells, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, ATP and their roles in drug resistance in cancer. Cancer Drug Resist 2021;4(3):684–709. DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2021.32</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Muralee M., Jacob A.T., K C. et al. Survival analysis using neoadjuvant rectal score in locally advanced rectal cancer patients who underwent surgery after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy: an ambispective study. Cureus 2025;17(6):e86859. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.86859</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Azizan S., Cheng K.J., Mejia Mohamed E.H. et al. Insights into the molecular mechanisms and signalling pathways of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in colorectal cancer: a systematic review and bioinformatic analysis of gene expression. Gene 2024;896:148057. DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.148057</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Christou N., Perraud A., Blondy S. et al. E-cadherin: a potential biomarker of colorectal cancer prognosis. Oncol Lett 2017;13(6):4571–6. DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6063</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Tang Y., Durand S., Dalle S., Caramel J. EMT-inducing transcription factors, drivers of melanoma phenotype switching, and resistance to treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2020;12(8):2154. DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082154</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Vandyck H.H., Hillen L.M., Bosisio F.M. et al. Rethinking the biology of metastatic melanoma: a holistic approach. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021;40(2):603–24. DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-09960-8</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Yang J., Antin P., Berx G. et al. Guidelines and definitions for research on epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2020;21(6):341–52. DOI: 10.1038/s41580-020-0237-9</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Dongre A., Weinberg R.A. New insights into the mechanisms of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and implications for cancer. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2019;20(2):69–84. DOI: 10.1038/s41580-018-0080-4</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Bhatia S., Monkman J., Toh A.K.L. et al. Targeting epithelialmesenchymal plasticity in cancer: clinical and preclinical advances in therapy and monitoring. Biochem J 2017;474(19):3269–306. DOI: 10.1042/BCJ20160782</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Zhao Z., Rahman M.A., Chen Z.G., Shin D.M. Multiple biological functions of Twist1 in various cancers. Oncotarget 2017;8(12):20380–93. DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14608</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>He X., Chen Z., Jia M., Zhao X. Downregulated E-cadherin expression indicates worse prognosis in Asian patients with colorectal cancer: evidence from meta-analysis. PLoS One 2013;8(7):e70858. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070858</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Turano M., Vicidomini R., Cammarota F. et al. The epithelial to mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer progression: the emerging role of succinate dehydrogenase alterations and succinate accumulation. Biomedicines 2023;11(5):1428. DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051428</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Luo J.W., Wang C.M., Su J.W. et al. CUL4B increases platinumbased drug resistance in colorectal cancer through EMT: A study in its mechanism. J Cell Mol Med 2022;26(23):5767–78. DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17585</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Fischer K.R., Durrans A., Lee S. et al. Epithelial-tomesenchymal transition is not required for lung metastasis but contributes to chemoresistance. Nature 2015;527(7579):472–6. DOI: 10.1038/nature15748</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Tsai J.H., Yang J. Epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity in carcinoma metastasis. Genes Dev 2013;27(20):2192–206. DOI: 10.1101/gad.225334.113</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Zheng X., Dai F., Feng L. et al. Communication between epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity and cancer stem cells: new insights into cancer progression. Front Oncol 2021;11:617597. DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.617597</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Song Y., Deng Z., Sun H. et al. Predicting tumor repopulation through the gene panel derived from radiation resistant colorectal cancer cells. J Transl Med 2023;21(1):390. DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04260-x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Yu W., Yang L., Li T., Zhang Y. Cadherin signaling in cancer: its functions and role as a therapeutic target. Front Oncol 2019;9:989. DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00989</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Lu J., Kornmann M., Traub B. Role of epithelial to mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023;24(19):14815. DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914815</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Vermani L., Kumar R., Kannan R.R. et al. Expression pattern of ALDH1, E-cadherin, Vimentin and Twist in early and late onset sporadic colorectal cancer. Biomark Med 2020;14(14):1371–82. DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2020-0206</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fontana F., Sommariva M., Anselmi M. et al. Differentiation states of phenotypic transition of melanoma cells are revealed by 3D cell cultures. Cells 2024;13(2):181. DOI: 10.3390/cells13020181</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fontana F., Sommariva M., Anselmi M. et al. Differentiation states of phenotypic transition of melanoma cells are revealed by 3D cell cultures. Cells 2024;13(2):181. DOI: 10.3390/cells13020181</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Mirea M.A., Eckensperger S., Hengstschläger M., Mikula M. Insights into differentiation of melanocytes from human stem cells and their relevance for melanoma treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2020;12(9):2508. DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092508</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Al Khatib A.M., Mărgăritescu C., Taisescu O. et al. Immunoexpression of E-cadherin, Snail and Twist in colonic adenocarcinomas. Rom J Morphol Embryol 2019;60(2):531–6. PMID: 31658326</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
