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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Biotherapy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Biotherapy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский биотерапевтический журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-9784</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1726-9792</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1568</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1726-9784-2025-24-3-36-44</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORTS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Modification of the red fluorescent protein TagRFP to reduce its immunogenicity in establishing fluorescent model tumors in immunocompetent Balb / C mice</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Mодификация красного флуоресцентного белка TagRFP для уменьшения его иммуногенности при создании флуоресцирующих модельных опухолей иммунокомпетентных мышей Balb / C</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1032-0959</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Marynich</surname><given-names>Nadezhda K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Марынич</surname><given-names>Н. К.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>33, bld. 2 Leninsky Prospekt, Moscow 119071</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119071 Москва, Ленинский пр-кт, 33, стр. 2</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2822-5143</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gavshina</surname><given-names>Alexandra V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гавшина</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>33, bld. 2 Leninsky Prospekt, Moscow 119071</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119071 Москва, Ленинский пр-кт, 33, стр. 2</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9732-8149</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Meerovich</surname><given-names>Irina G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Меерович</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina Gennad’evna Meerovich </p><p>33, bld. 2 Leninsky Prospekt, Moscow 119071</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ирина Геннадьевна Меерович </p><p>119071 Москва, Ленинский пр-кт, 33, стр. 2</p></bio><email>imeerovich@inbi.ras.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">A. N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт биохимии им. А. Н. Баха ФГУ «Федеральный исследовательский центр «Фундаментальные основы биотехнологии» Российской академии наук»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-09-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>36</fpage><lpage>44</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-09-30"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://bioterapevt.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/1568">https://bioterapevt.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/1568</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background.</bold> Long-wave fluorescent proteins (FP) exhibit significant potential for<italic> in vivo</italic> investigations involving fluorescent tumor models in laboratory animals. If tumors expressing FP exhibit enhanced immunogenicity in a specific strain of immunocompetent mice as compared with the original tumors, it becomes challenging to delineate the immune component contributing to the antitumor effects of cytotoxic therapy.</p><p><bold>Aim.</bold> To establish mouse tumor cell lines 4T1 that consistently express the original protein TagRFP and the mutant protein TagRFP-L228A, to develop tumor models based on these cell lines, and to assess the humoral immune response of <italic>Balb / c</italic> mice to such tumors.</p><p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> Eukaryotic plasmids pcDNA3 containing genes encoding the expression of the original protein TagRFP (TagRFP-WT) and the L228A mutant protein (TagRFP-L228A) were obtained from prokaryotic plasmids by genetic engineering methods. Individual 4T1 tumor cell clones expressing TagRFP-WT and TagRFP-L228A were obtained by sequential liposomal transfection of cells with eukaryotic plasmids, selection, and cloning. Tumor models were obtained by subcutaneous inoculation of suspensions of 4T1, 4T1-TagRFP-WT, and 4T1-TagRFP-L228A cells into female <italic>Balb / c </italic>mice. After 4 weeks, the immune response to TagRFP protein was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) by binding of mouse venous blood sera to the parent TagRFP-WT protein.</p><p><bold>Results.</bold> Plasmids for the expression of TagRFP-WT and TagRFP-L228A proteins in eukaryotic cells and 4T1 cell clones stably expressing these proteins have been obtained. After inoculation of 4T1-TagRFP-WT, 4T1-TagRFP-L228A and 4T1 cells, tumors developed in all mice of the corresponding groups. Using an ELISA on microplates with adsorbed TagRFP-WT protein, the presence of a humoral immune response to the original fluorescent protein was shown in <italic>Balb / c</italic> mice with fluorescent tumors, in contrast to mice with 4T1 tumors. Compared to the sera of mice with the 4T1-TagRFP-WT tumors, the binding to the original protein TagRFP-WT of the sera of mice with the 4T1-TagRFP-L228A tumors decreases by more than 4 times.</p><p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> The single amino acid substitution L228A in the TagRFP protein leads to a significant reduction in the humoral immune response to the TagRFP-L228A protein expressed by tumors compared to the original TagRFP-WT. This will allow using TagRFP-L228A expressing cell lines to create optimized tumor models for <italic>Balb / c</italic> mice.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Длинноволновые флуоресцентные белки наиболее перспективны при исследованиях <italic>in vivo</italic> на флуоресцирующих моделях опухолей лабораторных животных. Если экспрессирующие флуоресцентные белки опухоли имеют большую иммуногенность для данной линии иммунокомпетентных мышей по сравнению с исходными, то сложно вычленить иммунную составляющую противоопухолевого действия цитотоксической терапии.</p><p><bold>Цель исследования </bold>– получение мышиных опухолевых клеточных линий 4T1, стабильно экспрессирующих исходный красный флуоресцентный белок TagRFP и мутантный белок TagRFP-L228A, получение опухолевых моделей на их основе и оценка гуморального иммунного ответа мышей линии <italic>Balb / c</italic> на такие опухоли.</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Эукариотические плазмиды pcDNA3, содержащие гены, кодирующие экспрессию исходного белка TagRFP (TagRFP-WT) и белка с мутацией L228A (TagRFP-L228A), получали из прокариотических плазмид генно-инженерными методами. Индивидуальные клоны опухолевых клеток 4T1, экспрессирующие TagRFP-WT и TagRFP-L228A, получали путем последовательной липосомальной трансфекции клеток эукариотическими плазмидами, селекции и клонирования. Опухолевые модели получали подкожной инокуляцией суспензии клеток 4T1, 4T1-TagRFP-WT и 4T1-TagRFP-L228A самкам мышей <italic>Balb / c</italic>. Через 4 нед оценивали иммунный ответ на белок TagRFP методом иммуноферментного анализа по связыванию сывороток венозной крови мышей с исходным белком TagRFP-WT.</p><p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Получены плазмиды для экспрессии белков TagRFP-WT и TagRFP-L228A в эукариотических клетках и клоны клеток 4T1, стабильно экспрессирующие эти белки. После инокуляции клеток 4T1-TagRFP-WT, 4T1-TagRFP-L228A и 4T1 опухоли развились у всех мышей соответствующих групп. Методом иммуноферментного анализа на планшетах с адсорбированным белком TagRFP-WT показано наличие у мышей <italic>Balb / c</italic> с флуоресцирующими опухолями гуморального иммунного ответа на исходный флуоресцентный белок в отличие от такового у мышей с опухолями 4T1. По сравнению с сыворотками мышей с опухолью 4T1-TagRFP-WT связывание с исходным белком TagRFP-WT сывороток мышей с опухолями 4T1-TagRFP-L228A уменьшается более чем в 4 раза.</p><p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Единственная аминокислотная замена L228A в белке TagRFP приводит к существенному уменьшению гуморального иммунного ответа на экспрессируемый опухолями белок TagRFP-L228A по сравнению с исходным TagRFP-WT. Это позволит использовать экспрессирующие TagRFP-L228A клеточные линии для создания оптимизированных опухолевых моделей для мышей <italic>Balb / c</italic>.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>red fluorescent protein TagRFP</kwd><kwd>immunogenicity</kwd><kwd>tumor model</kwd><kwd>humoral immune response</kwd><kwd>enzymelinked immunosorbent assay</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>красный флуоресцентный белок TagRFP</kwd><kwd>иммуногенность</kwd><kwd>опухолевая модель</kwd><kwd>гуморальный иммунный ответ</kwd><kwd>иммуноферментный анализ</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (Grant No. 24-24-00550).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при поддержке Российского научного фонда (грант № 24-24-00550).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shcherbo D., Murphy C.S., Ermakova G.V. et al. 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