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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Biotherapy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Biotherapy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский биотерапевтический журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-9784</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1726-9792</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1552</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1726-9784-2025-24-2-48-55</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORTS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Evaluation of neurotoxicity of anthrafuran, a new antitumor drug from the anthracenediones class</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Оценка нейротоксичности антрафурана – нового противоопухолевого препарата из класса антрацендионов</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8643-6427</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Polozkova</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полозкова</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vasilisa A. Polozkova.</p><p>11 Bol’shaya Pirogovskaya St., 119021 Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Полозкова Василиса Антоновна.</p><p>119021 Москва, ул. Большая Пироговская, 11</p></bio><email>vasilisa2006@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5652-8686</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Treshchalin</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трещалин</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Michael I. Treshchalin.</p><p>11 Bol’shaya Pirogovskaya St., 119021 Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119021 Москва, ул. Большая Пироговская, 11</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8781-6376</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yazeryan</surname><given-names>S. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Язерян</surname><given-names>С. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sofiya G. Yazeryan.</p><p>11 Bol’shaya Pirogovskaya St., 119021 Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119021 Москва, ул. Большая Пироговская, 11</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6595-0811</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shchekotikhin</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щекотихин</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey E. Shchekotikhin.</p><p>11 Bol’shaya Pirogovskaya St., 119021 Moscow; 9 Miusskaya pl., Moscow 125047</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119021 Москва, ул. Большая Пироговская, 11; 125047 Москва, Миусская пл., 9</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7368-9695</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pereverzeva</surname><given-names>E. R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Переверзева</surname><given-names>Э. Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Eleonora R. Pereverzeva.</p><p>11 Bol’shaya Pirogovskaya St., 119021 Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119021 Москва, ул. Большая Пироговская, 11</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Gause Institute of New Antibiotics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт по изысканию новых антибиотиков им. Г.Ф. Гаузе»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">D.I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">«Российский химико-технологический университет им. Д.И. Менделеева»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-07-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>48</fpage><lpage>55</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-07-14"><day>14</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-07-14"><day>14</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://bioterapevt.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/1552">https://bioterapevt.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/1552</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background</bold>. Neurotoxicity is a side effect of anthracycline antibiotics that has been identified during clinical use. while this type of toxicity may not be limiting, it can significantly affect the quality of life for patients. In the Gause Institute of New Antibiotics an antitumor compound called anthrafuran has developed, that is similar in structure to anthracyclines. This compound has shown high activity in experiments using mouse models of transplanted tumors when administered orally. Anthrafuran has the ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, so a study of its neurotoxicity was previously conducted at the maximum tolerated dose.</p><p><bold>Aim</bold>. To experimentally evaluate the neurotoxicity of anthrafuran when it is administered orally at both a therapeutic dose and three times the therapeutic dose.</p><p><bold>Materials and methods</bold>. Female Albino rats were used in the experiment. The animals were kept under conditions accordance to GOST 33044–2014 “Principles of good laboratory practice”. Anthrafuran substance was administered orally as a 1,2 % solution in 5 % glucose for injection at doses of 20 and 60 mg/kg once. Motor and research activity of the animals was evaluated in an Open Field test setting 4 hours, one day, and one month after administration. To detect cognitive dysfunction, rats were trained in a T-maze with food reward 3–5 days after drug administration.</p><p><bold>Results</bold>. Administration of the drug at a therapeutic dose of 20 mg/kg did not cause any abnormal behavior in animals in the Open Field or affect the ability to learn in the T-maze. However, at a dose three times higher than the therapeutic dose (60 mg/kg), anthrafuran decreased the research activity of rats in the Open Field 4 and 24 hours after administration and inhibited the ability to acquire learning in T-maze.</p><p><bold>Conclusion</bold>. The use of anthrafuran in a therapeutic dose did not cause pronounced neurotoxic reactions. In order to further promote the drug, it is necessary to conduct an in-depth study on the effect of the substance and dosage forms on the behavioral responses and cognitive abilities of rats.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение</bold>. Нейротоксичность – один из побочных эффектов антибиотиков антрациклинового ряда, выявленных при клиническом использовании. Хотя этот вид токсичности не является лимитирующим, он существенно влияет на качество жизни больных. Сходное с антрациклинами по структуре соединение антрафуран получено путем химического синтеза в Научно-исследовательском институте по изысканию новых антибиотиков им. Г.Ф. Гаузе. Оно проявило высокую активность в экспериментах на моделях перевиваемых опухолей мышей при пероральном введении. Соединение проникает через гематоэнцефалический барьер, поэтому ранее было проведено исследование его нейротоксичности в максимально переносимой дозе.</p><p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – экспериментальная оценка нейротоксичности антрафурана при пероральном применении в терапевтической дозе и при трехкратном ее превышении.</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. В эксперименте использованы самки беспородных крыс. Животных содержали в условиях, соответствующих ГОСТ 33044–2014 «Принципы надлежащей лабораторной практики». Субстанцию антрафурана вводили однократно перорально в виде 1,2 % раствора в 5 % растворе глюкозы для инъекций в дозах 20 и 60 мг/кг. Двигательную и исследовательскую активность животных оценивали в установке «Открытое поле» через 4 ч, 1 сут и 1 мес после введения. Для выявления когнитивной дисфункции на 3–5-е сутки после введения препарата крыс обучали пищедобывательному навыку в Т-образном лабиринте.</p><p><bold>Результаты</bold>. Введение препарата в терапевтической дозе (20 мг/кг) не вызвало отклонений в поведении животных в установке «Открытое поле» и не отражалось на способности к обучению в Т-образном лабиринте. В дозе, трехкратно превышающей терапевтическую (60 мг/кг), антрафуран снижал исследовательскую активность крыс в установке «Открытое поле» через 4 и 24 ч после введения и вызывал угнетение способности к обучению пищедобывательному навыку.</p><p><bold>Заключение</bold>. Применение антрафурана в терапевтической дозе не вызывает выраженных нейротоксических реакций. Для дальнейшего продвижения препарата необходимо углубленное изучение влияния его субстанции и лекарственной формы на поведенческие реакции и когнитивные способности крыс.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>anthrafuran</kwd><kwd>Open Field</kwd><kwd>T-maze</kwd><kwd>cognitive dysfunction</kwd><kwd>rat</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>антрафуран</kwd><kwd>«Открытое поле»</kwd><kwd>Т-образный лабиринт</kwd><kwd>когнитивная дисфункция</kwd><kwd>крыса</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was conducted within the framework of the state project “Research of the mechanisms of resistance and the pharmacological action of antibacterial and anticancer drugs”.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания «Исследование механизмов резистентности и фармакологического действия антибактериальных и противоопухолевых препаратов».</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Mattioli R., Ilari A., Colotti B. et al. 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