Russian Journal of BiotherapyRussian Journal of BiotherapyРоссийский биотерапевтический журнал1726-97841726-9792Publishing House ABV Press154710.17650/1726-9784-2025-24-2-10-21REVIEWОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫMolecular genetic features of osteoarthritis immune mechanismsМолекулярно-генетические особенности иммунных механизмов остеоартрозаhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4091-382XMustafinR. N.МустафинР. Н.
Russian Federation

Rustam N. Mustafin.

3 Lenin St., Ufa 450008

Мустафин Рустам Наилевич.

450008 Уфа, ул. Ленина, 3

ruji79@mail.ruBashkir State Medical University, Ministry of Health of RussiaФГБОУ ВО «Башкирский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России1507202524210211307202513072025https://bioterapevt.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/1547

Background. Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by heterogeneity of clinical manifestations and, in some cases, a severe progressive course. In this regard, it is important to identify new molecular targets for the treatment of the disease.

Aim. To determine the role of pathological immune processes, specific genetic and epigenetic changes in OA, identification of OA-specific microRNAs and potential targets for targeted therapy.

Materials and methods. To prepare the review, scientific platforms PubMed, Scopus, ResearchGate, RSCI were used to search for information. The search words and phrases were: “osteoarthritis genes meta-analysis”, “osteoarthritis genes”, “miRNAs osteoarthritis”.

Results. Data were obtained on the involvement of pathological immune reactions in the mechanism of OA with changes in the expression of 34 specific genes involved in the functioning of the immune system by immune cells infiltrating joints. Clinical studies have determined the association of allelic variants of C5AR1, FCGR2B, HLA-DR2, HLA-DR5, IL1B, IL1RN, IL4R, IL6, IL10, IL17, TYROBP, TLR3, TLR4, TLR7, TLR9, TLR10 genes, involved in the regulation of immune system functioning. Changes in the expression of 11 specific microRNAs involved in inflammatory and degenerative processes in OA were identified.

Conclusion. Molecular genetic studies make it possible to find new markers of pathological immune reactions in OA, the presence of which in patients can be used to determine methods of treating the disease to prevent rapid progression of the disease, as well as to design targeted therapy. An important role of disturbances in the expression of genes involved in the functioning of the immune system in the pathogenesis of the disease was identified. MicroRNAs associated with OA involved in the pathogenesis of immune changes may become promising tools for targeted therapy of OA. Analysis of the reviewed materials indicates that the use of microRNAs that affect retroelements involved in the pathogenesis of OA can become the basis not only for suppressing the progression of the pathology, but also for slowing down the aging process.

Введение. Остеоартроз (ОА) характеризуется гетерогенностью клинических проявлений, а в ряде случаев – тяжелым прогрессирующим течением. В связи с этим актуально определение новых молекулярных мишеней для лечения болезни.

Цель исследования – определить роль молекулярных, генетических и эпигенетических изменений при ОА, вовлеченных в патологические иммунные реакции, выявить специфические для болезни микроРНК в качестве потенциальных мишеней для таргетной терапии.

Материалы и методы. При подготовке обзора для поиска информации использованы научные платформы PubMed, Scopus, ResearchGate, RSCI. Поисковыми словами и словосочетаниями были следующие: osteoarthritis genes meta-analysis, osteoarthritis genes, miRNAs osteoarthritis.

Результаты. Получены данные о роли патологических иммунных реакций в механизмах развития ОА с изменением экспрессии инфильтрирующими суставы иммунными клетками 34 специфических генов, вовлеченных в функционирование иммунной системы. В клинических исследованиях определена ассоциация аллельных вариантов генов C5AR1, FCGR2B, HLA-DR2, HLA-DR5, IL1B, IL1RN, IL4R, IL6, IL10, IL17, TYROBP, TLR3, TLR4, TLR7, TLR9, TLR10, участвующих в регуляции функционирования иммунной системы. Выявлены изменения экспрессии 11 специфических микроРНК, вовлеченных в воспалительные и дегенеративные процессы при ОА.

Заключение. Молекулярно-генетические исследования позволяют находить новые маркеры патологических иммунных реакций при ОА, которые могут быть использованы для лечения и предотвращения быстрого прогрессирования болезни, а также для проектирования таргетной терапии с применением в качестве мишеней специфических генов. Выявлена важная роль нарушений экспрессии генов, участвующих в функционировании иммунной системы, в патогенезе болезни. Ассоциированные с ОА микроРНК, вовлеченные в патогенез иммунных реакций, могут стать перспективными инструментами для таргетной терапии болезни. Анализ рассмотренных материалов свидетельствует о том, что использование микроРНК, воздействующих на сопричастные патогенезу ОА ретроэлементы, может стать основой не только для подавления прогрессирования патологии, но и для замедления процессов старения.

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