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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Biotherapy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Biotherapy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский биотерапевтический журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-9784</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1726-9792</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1534</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1726-9784-2025-24-4-47-55</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORTS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Antitumor potential of gallic acid on a model of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced carcinogenesis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Противоопухолевый потенциал галловой кислоты на модели индуцированного 1,2-диметилгидразином канцерогенеза</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4224-6303</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryzhova</surname><given-names>Natalia I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыжова</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>blood-research@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3204-3481</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Deryagina</surname><given-names>Valentina P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дерягина</surname><given-names>В. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>blood-research@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1577-6472</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Savluchinskaya</surname><given-names>Ludmila A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савлучинская</surname><given-names>Л. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>blood-research@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7263-7444</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Golubeva</surname><given-names>Irina S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Голубева</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>blood-research@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0418-3971</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Krivosheeva</surname><given-names>Leylya V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кривошеева</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>blood-research@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8599-6833</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kirsanov</surname><given-names>Kirill I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кирсанов</surname><given-names>К. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>blood-research@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-17" publication-format="electronic"><day>17</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>47</fpage><lpage>55</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-06-04"><day>04</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Ryzhova N.I., Deryagina V.P., Savluchinskaya L.A., Golubeva I.S., Krivosheeva L.V., Kirsanov K.I.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Рыжова Н.И., Дерягина В.П., Савлучинская Л.A., Голубева И.С., Кривошеева Л.В., Кирсанов К.И.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ryzhova N.I., Deryagina V.P., Savluchinskaya L.A., Golubeva I.S., Krivosheeva L.V., Kirsanov K.I.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Рыжова Н.И., Дерягина В.П., Савлучинская Л.A., Голубева И.С., Кривошеева Л.В., Кирсанов К.И.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://bioterapevt.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/1534">https://bioterapevt.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/1534</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background.</bold> Search and development of cancer prevention agents remain relevant. Gallic acid (GA), which has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral activities, is used to treat many diseases. The antitumor properties of GA have been demonstrated mainly in cell cultures. Models of chemically induced carcinogenesis have more possibilities to reveal the anticancer potential of GA.</p> <p><bold>Aim.</bold> To study the antitumor effect of GA at various stages using a model of 1,2-DMH-induced carcinogenesis in mice. To evaluate the effect of GA on the endogenous synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) metabolites.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> CBA line mice (94 females) were divided into 5 groups: Control, GA, 1,2-DMH, GA + 1,2-DMH, 1,2-DMH + GA. The frequency, multiplicity, and morphological characteristics of tumors were determined. NO metabolites were assessed by NO<sub>2</sub><sup>–</sup> excretion in urine using a spectrophotometric method.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> The tumor incidence in animals that received only 1,2-DMH was 100 %. The use of GA before the carcinogen course and throughout the experiment resulted in a moderate decrease in the incidence of intestinal tumors. When GA was administered after the 1,2-DMH course, the effect was stronger and inhibited the growth of all diagnosed tumors. The multiplicity index of tumors in this group was significantly lower compared to that of animals receiving only the carcinogen (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.01). Analysis of NO metabolite synthesis showed that GC prevents the excretion of nitrites (NO<sub>2</sub><sup>–</sup>), contributing to the inhibition of carcinogen-induced tumor development.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> The antitumor effect of GA at various stages of 1,2-DMH-induced carcinogenesis was demonstrated. A significant decrease in the frequency and multiplicity of induced and malignant tumors of all localizations was noted in mice that received GA at the stage of carcinogenesis, including the stages of promotion and progression. The inhibitory effects of GA, detected when used both before and after the introduction of the carcinogen, substantiate its effect on all stages of the carcinogenic process. The data obtained expand the possibilities of considering GA as a promising drug in chemoprophylaxis and subsequent use in oncological practice.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Разработка средств онкопрофилактики остается актуальной. Галловая кислота (ГК), обладающая антиоксидантной, противовоспалительной, противовирусной активностью, применяется для лечения многих заболеваний. Противоопухолевые свойства ГК показаны в основном на клеточных культурах. Модели химически индуцированного канцерогенеза имеют больше возможностей для раскрытия антиканцерогенного потенциала ГК.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – на модели индуцированного 1,2-диметилгидразином (1,2-ДМГ) канцерогенеза у мышей изучить антиканцерогенное действие ГК на его различных этапах, оценить влияние ГК на эндогенный синтез метаболитов оксида азота (NO).</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Мыши линии СВА (94 самки) были распределены на 5 групп: контроль, ГК, 1,2-ДМГ, ГК + 1,2-ДМГ, 1,2-ДМГ + ГК. Определяли частоту, множественность и морфологические характеристики опухолей. Метаболиты NO оценивали по выделению нитрит-ионов (NO<sub>2</sub><sup>–</sup>) с мочой спектрофотометрическим методом.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Частота опухолей у животных, получивших 1,2-ДМГ, составила 100 %. Применение ГК до введения курса канцерогена и на протяжении всего эксперимента приводило к статистически значимому снижению опухолей кишечника. При воздействии ГК после курса 1,2-ДМГ эффект был более сильным и вызывал торможение роста всех диагностированных опухолей. Показатель множественности опухолей в этой группе был статистически значимо ниже по сравнению с показателями у животных, получивших только канцероген (<italic>р</italic> &lt; 0,01). Анализ синтеза метаболитов NO показал, что ГК препятствует выделению нитритов (NO<sub>2</sub><sup>–</sup>), способствуя торможению развития индуцированных канцерогеном опухолей.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Показано антиканцерогенное действие ГК на различных этапах индуцированного 1,2-ДМГ канцерогенеза. Отмечено выраженное снижение частоты и множественности всех индуцированных опухолей у мышей, получивших ГК на стадиях промоции и прогрессии. Ингибирующие эффекты ГК, обнаруженные при ее использовании как до введения канцерогена, так и после этого, обосновывают ее воздействие на всех стадиях канцерогенного процесса. Полученные данные расширяют возможности рассмотрения ГК в качестве перспективного препарата в химиопрофилактике и последующем использовании в онкологической практике.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>gallic acid</kwd><kwd>1,2-dimethylhydrazine</kwd><kwd>carcinogenesis</kwd><kwd>induced tumor</kwd><kwd>hemoprophylaxis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>галловая кислота</kwd><kwd>1,2-диметилгидразин</kwd><kwd>канцерогенез</kwd><kwd>индуцированная опухоль</kwd><kwd>химиопрофилактика</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Правительство Российской Федерации</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Government of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Mattiuzzi G., Lippi G. Current cancer epidemiology. 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