<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Biotherapy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Biotherapy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский биотерапевтический журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-9784</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1726-9792</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1524</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1726-9784-2025-24-4-31-38</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORTS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The importance of the level of T-cell receptor excision circles and κ-deletion B-cell receptor excision circles in the effectiveness of therapy for metastatic ovarian cancer</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Значение уровня эксцизионных колец Т-клеточных рецепторов и κ-делеционного элемента рецептора В-клеток в эффективности терапии метастатического рака яичников</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0996-5995</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sultanbaev</surname><given-names>Alexander V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Султанбаев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>rkodrb@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7496-0950</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tuzankina</surname><given-names>Irina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тузанкина</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>rkodrb@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3734-2779</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Menshikov</surname><given-names>Konstantin V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Меньшиков</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>rkodrb@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8340-7962</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nasretdinov</surname><given-names>Ainur F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Насретдинов</surname><given-names>А. Ф.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>rkodrb@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5926-0446</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sultanbaeva</surname><given-names>Nadezhda I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Султанбаева</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>rkodrb@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1185-977X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Musin</surname><given-names>Shamil I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мусин</surname><given-names>Ш. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>rkodrb@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8461-9243</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Izmailov</surname><given-names>Adel A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Измайлов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>rkodrb@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2222-4940</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sultanbaev</surname><given-names>Mikhail V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Султанбаев</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>rkodrb@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0328-0944</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Izmailova</surname><given-names>Angelina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Измайлова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>rkodrb@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2136-5028</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Troshenkov</surname><given-names>Evgeniy A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трошенков</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>rkodrb@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1878-4467</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudlay</surname><given-names>Dmitry A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудлай</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>rkodrb@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Republican Clinical Oncology Dispensary, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Bashkortostan</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГАУЗ «Республиканский клинический онкологический диспансер» Минздрава Республики Башкортостан</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bashkir State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ «Башкирский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУН «Институт иммунологии и физиологии Уральского отделения РАН»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Sverdlovsk Region Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГАУЗ Свердловской области «Областная детская клиническая больница»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">P.A. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский научный исследовательский онкологический институт им. П. А. Герцена – филиал ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff6"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenovskiy University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И. М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff7"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">State Scientific Center “Institute of Immunology”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «ГНЦ Институт иммунологии» ФМБА России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-17" publication-format="electronic"><day>17</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>31</fpage><lpage>38</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-05-06"><day>06</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Sultanbaev A.V., Tuzankina I.A., Menshikov K.V., Nasretdinov A.F., Sultanbaeva N.I., Musin S.I., Izmailov A.A., Sultanbaev M.V., Izmailova A.A., Troshenkov E.A., Kudlay D.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Султанбаев А.В., Тузанкина И.А., Меньшиков К.В., Насретдинов А.Ф., Султанбаева Н.И., Мусин Ш.И., Измайлов А.А., Султанбаев М.В., Измайлова А.А., Трошенков Е.А., Кудлай Д.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sultanbaev A.V., Tuzankina I.A., Menshikov K.V., Nasretdinov A.F., Sultanbaeva N.I., Musin S.I., Izmailov A.A., Sultanbaev M.V., Izmailova A.A., Troshenkov E.A., Kudlay D.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Султанбаев А.В., Тузанкина И.А., Меньшиков К.В., Насретдинов А.Ф., Султанбаева Н.И., Мусин Ш.И., Измайлов А.А., Султанбаев М.В., Измайлова А.А., Трошенков Е.А., Кудлай Д.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://bioterapevt.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/1524">https://bioterapevt.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/1524</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background.</bold> Antigen load, expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 and T-cell receptors play a key role in the formation of specific antitumor immunity. The marker of the diversity of the repertoire of receptors of immunocompetent cells to various antigens are T-cell receptor excision circles (TREC) and the κ-deletion B-cell receptor excision circles (KREC), which are extrachromosomal DNA structures.</p> <p><bold>Aim.</bold> To evaluate the effect of the diversity of TREC and KREC on the effectiveness of olaparib therapy for generalized ovarian cancer.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> The study included 40 patients undergoing treatment at the Republican Clinical Oncological Dispensary (RCOD) of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Bashkortostan for ovarian cancer. The local ethics committee of RCOD approved on July 21, 2022 the protocol “IO-001” of a single-center non-randomized open clinical trial entitled “Determination of TREC and KREC in patients with malignant neoplasms of various localizations”. All patients were prescribed olaparib therapy (international non-proprietary name). To identify mutations in genes associated with HRD (homologous recombination deficiency), next-generation sequencing by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction was used. Before the start of therapy, the level of TREC and KREC was assessed.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> Before the start of therapy in the general population, the median TREC was 9.6 copies/10<sup>5</sup> cells, the median KREC was 183.8 copies/10<sup>5</sup> cells. The minimum and maximum TREC levels were 0.07 copies/10<sup>5</sup> cells and 215 copies/10<sup>5</sup> cells, respectively. The minimum and maximum KREC levels were 2.8 copies/10<sup>5</sup> cells and 1559.42 copies/10<sup>5</sup> cells, respectively. In the group of patients with disease progression, the level of TREC was low. According to the results of the study, disease progression was predicted at a TREC value &lt; 13.23 copies/10<sup>5</sup> cells. The obtained results indicate a significantly low level of KREC before the start of therapy in patients who progressed during therapy.</p> <p>Conclusion. The prognostic role of TREC and KREC has been determined. Further research will allow us to take into account changes in TREC and KREC indicators in dynamics and use the prognostic value of these changes in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Threshold levels of TREC (13.23 copies/10<sup>5</sup> cells) and KREC (251.04 copies/10<sup>5</sup> cells) were detected, below which disease progression was observed.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> В формировании специфического противоопухолевого иммунитета важная роль отводится экспрессии лигандов запрограммированной клеточной гибели-1, антигенной нагрузке и рецепторам иммунокомпетентных клеток. Маркером разнообразия рецепторов иммунокомпетентных клеток к различным антигенам являются эксцизионные кольца κ-делеционного элемента В-клеток (KREC) и Т-клеточного рецептора (TREC), которые представляют собой внехромосомные структуры ДНК.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – оценка влияния уровней TREC и KREC на эффективность терапии олапарибом больных генерализованным раком яичников.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> В исследование включены 40 пациенток, находящихся на лечении в Республиканском клиническом онкологическом диспансере (РКОД) Минздрава Республики Башкортостан по поводу рака яичников. Локальным этическим комитетом РКОД 21 июля 2022 г. утвержден протокол «ИО-001» одноцентрового нерандомизированного открытого клинического исследования «Определение TREC и KREC у пациентов со злокачественными новообразованиями различных локализаций». Всем пациенткам была назначена терапия олапарибом (международное непатентованное наименование). Средний возраст пациенток составил 57,92 года (от 27 лет до 81 года). Для определения мутаций в генах, связанных с HRD (дефицитом гомологичной рекомбинации), применяли секвенирование следующего поколения путем аллель-специфической полимеразной цепной реакции. До начала терапии проводили оценку уровня TREC и KREC всех пациенток.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> До начала терапии в общей популяции медиана TREC составила 9,6 копии/10<sup>5</sup> клеток, медиана KREC – 183,8 копий/10<sup>5</sup> клеток. Минимальный и максимальный уровни TREC составили 0,07 копии/10<sup>5</sup> клеток и 215 копий/10<sup>5</sup> клеток соответственно. Минимальный и максимальный уровни KREC составили 2,8 копии/10<sup>5</sup> клеток и 1559,42 копии/10<sup>5 </sup>клеток соответственно. В группе пациенток с прогрессированием заболевания наблюдали низкий уровень TREC. По результатам исследования прогрессирование заболевания прогнозировалось при значении TREC &lt; 13,23 копии/10<sup>5</sup> клеток. Полученные результаты указывают на статистически значимый низкий уровень KREC до начала лечения у пациенток, прогрессировавших на фоне терапии олапарибом.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Определена прогностическая роль ТREC и KREC. Выявлены пороговые уровни TREC (13,23 копии/10<sup>5</sup> клеток) и KREC (251,04 копии/10<sup>5</sup> клеток), ниже которых наблюдалось прогрессирование заболевания. Дальнейшее исследование позволит учитывать динамику изменения уровней TREC и KREC, а также использовать прогностическое значение этих параметров в лечении рака яичников.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ovarian cancer</kwd><kwd>T-cell receptor excision circles</kwd><kwd>κ-deletion B-cell receptor excision circles</kwd><kwd>antitumor immunity</kwd><kwd>homologous recombination deficiency</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак яичников</kwd><kwd>TREC</kwd><kwd>KREC</kwd><kwd>противоопухолевый иммунитет</kwd><kwd>дефицит гомологичной рекомбинации</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Министерство науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>075-03-2022-352</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Sambasivan S. Epithelial ovarian cancer: review article. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2022;33:100629. DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2022.100629</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Ripperger T., Gadzicki D., Meindl A., Schlegelberger B. Breast cancer susceptibility: current knowledge and implications for genetic counselling. Eur J Hum Genet 2009;17(6):722–31. DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2008.212</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sokolenko A.P., Iyevleva A.G., Mitiushkina N.V. et al. Hereditary breast-ovarian cancer syndrome in Russia. Acta Naturae 2010;2(2):31–5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Соколенко А.П., Иевлева А.Г., Митюшкина Н.В. и др. Синдром наследственного рака молочной железы и яичников в России. Acta Naturae 2010;2(2):31–5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Seidel J.A., Otsuka A., Kabashima K. Anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 therapies in cancer: mechanisms of action, efficacy, and limitations. Front Oncol 2018;8:86. DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00086</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Keenan T.E., Burke K.P., Van Allen E.M. Genomic correlates of response to immune checkpoint blockade. Nat Med 2019;25(3):389–402. DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0382-x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Meléndez B., Van Campenhout C., Rorive S. et al. Methods of measurement for tumor mutational burden in tumor tissue. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2018;7(6):661–7. DOI: 10.21037/tlcr.2018.08.02</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Choucair K., Morand S., Stanbery L. et al. TMB: a promising immune-response biomarker, and potential spearhead in advancing targeted therapy trials. Cancer Gene Ther 2020;27(12):841–53. DOI: 10.1038/s41417-020-0174-y</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Yarchoan M., Hopkins A., Jaffee E.M. Tumor mutational burden and response rate to PD-1 inhibition. N Engl J Med 2017;377(25):2500–1. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc1713444</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Yarchoan M., Albacker L.A., Hopkins A.C. et al. PD-L1 expression and tumor mutational burden are independent biomarkers in most cancers. JCI Insight 2019;4(6):e126908. DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.126908</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Hellmann M.D., Callahan M.K., Awad M.M. et al. Tumor mutational burden and efficacy of nivolumab monotherapy and in combination with ipilimumab in small-cell lung cancer. Cancer Cell 2018;33(5):853–61.e4. DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.04.001</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Hellmann M.D., Nathanson T., Rizvi H. et al. Genomic features of response to combination immunotherapy in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Cancer Cell 2018;33(5):843–52.e4. DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.03.018</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Rizvi H., Sanchez-Vega F., La K. et al. Molecular determinants of response to anti-programmed cell death (PD)-1 and anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockade in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer profiled with targeted next-generation sequencing. J Clin Oncol 2018;36(7):633–41. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2017.75.3384</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Rizvi N.A., Hellmann M.D., Snyder A. et al. Cancer immunology. Mutational landscape determines sensitivity to PD-1 blockade in non-small cell lung cancer. Science 2015;348(6230):124–8. DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa1348</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Fan S., Gao X., Qin Q. et al. Association between tumor mutation burden and immune infiltration in ovarian cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2020;89(Pt A):107126. DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107126</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Cristescu R., Mogg R., Ayers M. et al. Pan-tumor genomic biomarkers for PD-1 checkpoint blockade-based immunotherapy. Science 2018;362(6411):eaar3593. DOI: 10.1126/science.aar3593</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Park J., Lee J.Y., Kim S. How to use immune checkpoint inhibitor in ovarian cancer? J Gynecol Oncol 2019;30(5):e105. DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2019.30.e105</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Morse C.B., Elvin J.A., Gay L.M., Liao J.B. Elevated tumor mutational burden and prolonged clinical response to anti-PD-L1 antibody in platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol Rep 2017;21:78–80. DOI: 10.1016/j.gore.2017.06.013</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Konstantinopoulos P.A., Ceccaldi R., Shapiro G.I., D’Andrea A.D. Homologous recombination deficiency: exploiting the fundamental vulnerability of ovarian cancer. Cancer Discov 2015;5(11):1137–54. DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-15-0714</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Frey M.K., Pothuri B. Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) testing in ovarian cancer clinical practice: a review of the literature. Gynecol Oncol Res Pract 2017;4:4. DOI: 10.1186/s40661-017-0039-8</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Aliyeva T., Aktas B.Y., Gundogdu F. et al. The predictive role of PD-L1 expression and CD8 + TIL levels in determining the neoadjuvant chemotherapy response in advanced ovarian cancer. J Ovarian Res 2024;17(1):234. DOI: 10.1186/s13048-024-01533-x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Morand S., Devanaboyina M., Staats H. et al. Ovarian cancer immunotherapy and personalized medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2021;22(12):6532. DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126532</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Ding L., Kim H.J., Wang Q. et al. PARP inhibition elicits STING-dependent antitumor immunity in BRCA1-deficient ovarian cancer. Cell Rep 2018;25(11):2972–80.e5. DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.11.054</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Requesens M., Foijer F., Nijman H.W., de Bruyn M. Genomic instability as a driver and suppressor of anti-tumor immunity. Front Immunol 2024;15:1462496. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1462496</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Konstantinopoulos P.A., Waggoner S., Vidal G.A. et al. Single-arm phases 1 and 2 trial of niraparib in combination with pembrolizumab in patients with recurrent platinum-resistant ovarian carcinoma. JAMA Oncol 2019;5(8):1141–9. DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.1048</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Fu Y.P., Lin H., Ou Y.C. et al. Bevacizumab as a mitigating factor for the impact of high systemic immune-inflammation index on chemorefractory in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. BMC Cancer 2024;24(1):1377. DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-13087-8</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Haunschild C.E., Tewari K.S. Bevacizumab use in the frontline, maintenance and recurrent settings for ovarian cancer. Future Oncol 2020;16(7):225–46. DOI: 10.2217/fon-2019-0042</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Zsiros E., Lynam S., Attwood K.M. et al. Efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab in combination with bevacizumab and oral metronomic cyclophosphamide in the treatment of recurrent ovarian cancer: a phase 2 nonrandomized clinical trial. JAMA Oncol 2021;7(1):78–85. DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2020.5945</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Lee E.K., Xiong N., Cheng S.C. et al. Combined pembrolizumab and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in platinum resistant ovarian cancer: a phase 2 clinical trial. Gynecol Oncol 2020;159(1):72–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.07.028</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Park J.Y., Lee J.Y., Lee Y.Y. et al. Major clinical research advances in gynecologic cancer in 2021. J Gynecol Oncol 2022;33(2):e43. DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2022.33.e43</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Pawłowska A., Kwiatkowska A., Suszczyk D. et al. Clinical and prognostic value of antigen-presenting cells with PD-L1/PD-L2 expression in ovarian cancer patients. Int J Mol Sci 2021;22(21):11563. DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111563</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Kornepati A.V.R., Rogers C.M., Sung P., Curiel T.J. The complementarity of DDR, nucleic acids and anti-tumour immunity. Nature 2023;619(7970):475–86. DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06069-6</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Chabanon R.M., Rouanne M., Lord C.J. et al. Targeting the DNA damage response in immuno-oncology: developments and opportunities. Nat Rev Cancer 2021;21(11):701–17. DOI: 10.1038/s41568-021-00386-6</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
