Russian Journal of BiotherapyRussian Journal of BiotherapyРоссийский биотерапевтический журнал1726-97841726-9792Publishing House ABV Press151510.17650/1726-9784-2025-24-1-27-33REVIEWSОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫPapillomavirus-independent squamous cell cervical cancerПапилломавируснезависимый плоскоклеточный рак шейки маткиhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6817-2103VolgarevaG. M.ВолгареваГ. М.
Russian Federation

Galina Mikhaylovna Volgareva

24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522

Галина Михайловна Волгарева

115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24

galina.volgareva@ronc.ruN.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of RussiaФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России1604202524127331504202515042025https://bioterapevt.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/1515

Over 500,000 new cervical cancer (CC) cases are recorded annually around the world, and more than 300,000 women die from this disease. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common CC form. Human papilloma viruses (HPV) of certain types are recognized etiological agents of CC. The viewpoint that all CC cases are HPV-positive was very popular among researches until recently. Chiefly it was based on technical problems with detection of “genuine” HPV-negative CC. Due to multiplicity and heterogeneity of the HPV group it seemed reasonable to explain the fact that less than 100 % of HPV-positive samples were registered in a certain study by detection system inadequacy, in other words that a false-negative result was the case. As HPV DNA detection methods had been improved the existence of HPV-independent CC was officially recognized by the World Health Organization in 2020. These carcinomas are rather rare, difficult to diagnose, thus detected at advanced stages; there are some communications on a more severe clinical course of such cases in comparison with HPV-positive ones, they are frequently inoperable. It seems the given CC form will not disappear with the introduction of programs of mass preventive adolescent vaccinations. The review deals with some technical items of HPV-negative squamous CC detection as well as with the known peculiarities of this cancer type.

В мире ежегодно регистрируется более 500 тыс. новых случаев рака шейки матки (РШМ), более 300 тыс. женщин ежегодно умирают от этого заболевания. Наиболее распространенной формой РШМ является плоскоклеточный рак. Этиологическими агентами РШМ признаны вирусы папилломы человека (ВПЧ) определенных типов. Точка зрения, согласно которой все случаи РШМ являются ВПЧ-положительными, до недавнего времени была очень популярна среди исследователей. Она основывалась прежде всего на методических трудностях выявления «настоящего» ВПЧ-отрицательного РШМ. Ввиду того, что группа вирусов папиллом многочисленна и гетерогенна, тот факт, что в конкретном исследовании обнаруживалось менее 100 % ВПЧ-положительных образцов, представлялось резонным объяснять недостатками системы детекции, иными словами, тем, что имелся ложноотрицательный результат. По мере совершенствования методов обнаружения ДНК ВПЧ существование ВПЧ-независимого РШМ в 2020 г. было официально признано Всемирной организацией здравоохранения. Эти карциномы весьма редки, они трудно диагностируются, поэтому обнаруживаются на поздних стадиях; имеются отдельные сообщения о более тяжелом клиническом течении таких случаев, чем ВПЧ-положительного РШМ, они часто неоперабельны. Данная форма РШМ, очевидно, не исчезнет после введения программ массовой профилактической вакцинации подростков. Рассмотрению некоторых методических моментов, связанных с обнаружением ВПЧ-отрицательного плоскоклеточного РШМ, а также известных в настоящее время особенностей данной формы рака посвящен настоящий обзор.

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