<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Biotherapy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Biotherapy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский биотерапевтический журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-9784</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1726-9792</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1495</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1726-9784-2024-23-4-49-60</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORTS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Comparative pharmacokinetics of pembrolizumab after single intravenous administration to Macaca fascicularis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Сравнительное изучение фармакокинетики препаратов пембролизумаба при однократном внутривенном введении яванским макакам</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9690-1935</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kosman</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Косман</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vera M. Kosman</p><p>3/245 Zavodskaya St., Kuzmolovsky urban-type settlement, Vsevolozhsky district, Leningrad region 188663</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вера Михайловна Косман</p><p>188663 Ленинградская обл., Всеволожский р-н, г. п. Кузьмоловский, Заводская ул., 3, корп. 245</p></bio><email>kosman.vm@doclinika.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6292-8934</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karlina</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карлина</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina V. Karlina</p><p>3/245 Zavodskaya St., Kuzmolovsky urban-type settlement, Vsevolozhsky district, Leningrad region 188663</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>188663 Ленинградская обл., Всеволожский р-н, г. п. Кузьмоловский, Заводская ул., 3, корп. 245</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7428-9092</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Barybina</surname><given-names>T. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Барыбина</surname><given-names>Т. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana N. Barybina</p><p>3/245 Zavodskaya St., Kuzmolovsky urban-type settlement, Vsevolozhsky district, Leningrad region 188663</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>188663 Ленинградская обл., Всеволожский р-н, г. п. Кузьмоловский, Заводская ул., 3, корп. 245</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6866-5741</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Faustova</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фаустова</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia M. Faustova</p><p>3/245 Zavodskaya St., Kuzmolovsky urban-type settlement, Vsevolozhsky district, Leningrad region 188663</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>188663 Ленинградская обл., Всеволожский р-н, г. п. Кузьмоловский, Заводская ул., 3, корп. 245</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7478-4942</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Matichin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Матичин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr A. Matichin</p><p>3/245 Zavodskaya St., Kuzmolovsky urban-type settlement, Vsevolozhsky district, Leningrad region 188663</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>188663 Ленинградская обл., Всеволожский р-н, г. п. Кузьмоловский, Заводская ул., 3, корп. 245</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2447-7888</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarov</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макаров</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valery G. Makarov</p><p>3/245 Zavodskaya St., Kuzmolovsky urban-type settlement, Vsevolozhsky district, Leningrad region 188663</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>188663 Ленинградская обл., Всеволожский р-н, г. п. Кузьмоловский, Заводская ул., 3, корп. 245</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3176-6386</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarova</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макарова</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina N. Makarova</p><p>3/245 Zavodskaya St., Kuzmolovsky urban-type settlement, Vsevolozhsky district, Leningrad region 188663</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>188663 Ленинградская обл., Всеволожский р-н, г. п. Кузьмоловский, Заводская ул., 3, корп. 245</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4743-6189</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dmitrieva</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дмитриева</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia A. Dmitrieva</p><p>Bld 1, 19 Berzarin St., Moscow 123154</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>123154 Москва, ул. Берзарина, 19, корп. 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5953-984X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shipaeva</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шипаева</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena V. Shipaeva</p><p>Bld 1, 19 Berzarin St., Moscow 123154</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>123154 Москва, ул. Берзарина, 19, корп. 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5602-7926</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Podolyakina</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Подолякина</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna I. Podolyakina</p><p>Bld 1, 19 Berzarin St., Moscow 123154</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>123154 Москва, ул. Берзарина, 19, корп. 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8735-7429</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Filon</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филон</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Filon</p><p>Bld 1, 19 Berzarin St., Moscow 123154</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>123154 Москва, ул. Берзарина, 19, корп. 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2685-1623</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Samsonov</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самсонов</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail Yu. Samsonov</p><p>Bld 1, 19 Berzarin St., Moscow 123154</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>123154 Москва, ул. Берзарина, 19, корп. 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2818-6583</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ignatiev</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Игнатьев</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vasiliy G. Ignatiev</p><p>Bld 1, 19 Berzarin St., Moscow 123154</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>123154 Москва, ул. Берзарина, 19, корп. 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research-and-manufacturing company “HOME OF PHARMACY”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">АО «Научно-производственное объединение «ДОМ ФАРМАЦИИ»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Joint-Stock Company “R-Pharm”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">АО «Р-Фарм»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-19" publication-format="electronic"><day>19</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>49</fpage><lpage>60</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-12-19"><day>19</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-12-19"><day>19</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://bioterapevt.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/1495">https://bioterapevt.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/1495</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background</bold>. Pembrolizumab belongs to a fundamentally new class of antitumor agents with biological source – monoclonal antibodies. when creating generic biological medicinal products, it is necessary to assess the comparability of the pharmacokinetics of the developed drug and the original (reference) drug product in relevant animal species.</p><p><bold>Aim.</bold> To compare the pharmacokinetics of two drugs with INN pembrolizumab, concentrate for solution for infusion, administered once intravenously to Macaca fascicularis.</p><p><bold>Materials and methods</bold>. Biosimilar RPH-075 (INN pembrolizumab, JSC R-Pharm, Russia) and reference drug Keytruda® (INN pembrolizumab, MSD International GmbH) were administered once intravenously to male monkeys (2 groups of 4 males each) at a dose of 30 mg/kg. Macaque blood samples were collected for analysis before administration and at 1, 2, 4, 8, 24, 48, 72, 144, 312, 480, 648, 984, 1320 h after administration. Plasma concentrations of the active ingredient were determined by bridging ELISA using commercially available antibodies, followed by calculation of the main pharmacokinetic parameters (Cmax, AUC, MRT, Vss, T1/2, Cl).</p><p><bold>Results</bold>. Using antibodies more available than commercial reagent kits, the pembrolizumab assay method recommended by the antibody manufacturer has been replicated. The method has been validated and applied to the analysis of biosamples obtained in the preclinical study. There was no effect of the test drug and the reference drug upon single intravenous administration to monkeys condition and animals body weigh; drugs were found to have comparable pharmacokinetic profiles.</p><p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> The creation of a biosimilar drug in the Russian Federation will improve the treatment of patients with cancer, reduce the cost of treatment and increase the number of patients receiving high-quality medical care.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Пембролизумаб является противоопухолевым средством биологического происхождения класса моноклональных антител. При создании воспроизведенных биологических лекарственных средств необходима оценка сопоставимости фармакокинетики разрабатываемого препарата и оригинального (референтного) лекарственного препарата на релевантных видах животных.</p><p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – сравнительная оценка фармакокинетики двух препаратов с международным непатентованным названием (МНН) «пембролизумаб», концентратов для приготовления раствора для инфузий при однократном внутривенном введении обезьянам Macaca fascicularis.</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. Объекты исследования – биоаналогичный препарат RPH-075 (МНН пембролизумаб, АО «Р-Фарм», Россия) и препарат сравнения Китруда® (МНН пембролизумаб, МСД Интернэшнл ГмбХ, Ирландия) вводили однократно внутривенно самцам яванских макак (2 группы по 4 самца в каждой) в дозе 30 мг/кг. Отбор образцов крови макак для анализа проводили до введения и через 1, 2, 4, 8, 24, 48, 72, 144, 312, 480, 648, 984, 1320 ч после введения. Концентрацию действующего вещества в плазме крови определяли методом мостикового иммуноферментного анализа с использованием коммерчески доступных антител с последующим расчетом основных параметров фармакокинетики (Сmax, AUC, MRT, Vss, T1/2, Cl).</p><p><bold>Результаты.</bold> С использованием антител более доступных, чем коммерческие наборы реагентов, воспроизведена методика анализа пембролизумаба в биоматериале, рекомендованная производителем антител. Методика валидирована и применена к анализу биопроб, полученных при проведении сравнительного доклинического исследования. Показано отсутствие влияния тестируемого препарата и препарата сравнения при однократном внутривенном введении яванским макакам на общее состояние и массу тела животных; установлено, что препараты обладали сопоставимыми фармакокинетическими профилями.</p><p><bold>Заключение</bold>. Создание биоаналогичного препарата в Российской Федерации позволит совершенствовать лечение пациентов с онкологическими заболеваниями, снизить стоимость лечения и увеличить число получающих качественную медицинскую помощь.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pembrolizumab</kwd><kwd>biosimilar</kwd><kwd>pharmacokinetic profile</kwd><kwd>blood serum</kwd><kwd>enzyme immunoassay</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пембролизумаб</kwd><kwd>биоаналог</kwd><kwd>фармакокинетический профиль</kwd><kwd>сыворотка крови</kwd><kwd>иммуноферментный анализ</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study received no government budget funding; the work was supported by JSC “R-Pharm”, Russia</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена без государственного бюджетного финансирования при финансовой поддержке АО «Р-Фарм», Россия</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Centanni M., Moes D.J.A.R., Trocóniz I.F. et al. Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Clin Pharmacokinet 2019;58(7):835–57. DOI: 10.1007/s40262-019-00748-2</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Desnoyer A., Broutin S., Delahousse J. et al. Pharmacokinetic/ pharmacodynamic relationship of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies used in oncology: Part 2, immune checkpoint inhibitor antibodies. Eur J Cancer 2020;128:119–28. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2020.01.003</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Jaffar-Aghaei M., Khanipour F., Maghsoudi A. et al. QbD-guided pharmaceutical development of Pembrolizumab biosimilar candidate PSG-024 propelled to industry meeting primary requirements of comparability to Keytruda®. Eur J Pharm Sci 2022;173:106171. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106171</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Ahamadi M., Freshwater T., Prohn M. et al. Model-based characterization of the pharmacokinetics of pembrolizumab: a humanized anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody in advanced solid tumors. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2017;6(1):49–57. DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12139</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Raedler L.A. Keytruda (pembrolizumab): first PD-1 inhibitor approved for previously treated unresectable or metastatic melanoma. Am Health Drug Benefits. 2015;8(Spec Feature):96–100.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Longoria T.C., Tewari K.S. Evaluation of the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of pembrolizumab in the treatment of melanoma. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2016;12(10):1247–53. DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2016.1216976</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gutorov S.L., Borisova E.I., Abramov M.E. et al. Non-small cell lung cancer. Expanding therapeutic possibilities: pembrolizumab in a number of malignant tumors. Farmateka = Pharmateca 2017;8(341):71–5. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гуторов С.Л., Борисова Е.И., Абрамов М.Е. и др. Немелкоклеточный рак легкого. Расширяя терапевтические возможности: пембролизумаб при ряде злокачественных опухолей. Фарматека 2017;8(341):71–5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Samoilenko I.V., Demidov L.V. Pembrolizumab in the treatment of metastatic melanoma. Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council 2017;(6):8–23. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.21518/2079-701X-2017-6-8-23</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Самойленко И.В., Демидов Л.В. Пембролизумаб в лечении метастатической меланомы. Медицинский совет 2017;(6):8–23. DOI: 10.21518/2079-701X-2017-6-8-23</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rumyantsev A.A. Lenvatinib and pembrolizumab in the treatment of metastatic endometrial cancer: literature review and case report. Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council 2021;(20):124–28. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.21518/2079-701X-2021-20-124-128</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Румянцев А.А. Ленватиниб и пембролизумаб в лечении метастатического рака эндометрия: обзор литературы и клинический случай. Медицинский совет 2021;(20):124–28. DOI: 10.21518/2079-701X-2021-20-124-128</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kedrova A.G., Berishvili A.I., Greyan Т.А. Lenvatinib and pembrolizumab in patients with advanced uterine cancer. Opukholi zhenskoy reproduktivnoy sistemy = Tumors of female reproductive system 2020;16(3):72–80. (In Russ.). DOI:10.17650/1994-4098-2020-16-3-72-80</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кедрова А.Г., Беришвили А.И., Греян Т.А. Ленватиниб и пембролизумаб у больных распространенным раком тела матки. Опухоли женской репродуктивной системы 2020;16(3):72–80. DOI: 10.17650/1994-4098-2020-16-3-72-80</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gafanov R.A., Dzidzaria A.G., Kravtsov I.B., Fastovets S.V. Combination of pembrolizumab and axitinib: a new gold standard in the first-line therapy for metastatic clear-cell renal-cell carcinoma? Onkourologiya = Cancer Urology 2020;16(3):29–37. (In Russ.). DOI:10.17650/1726-9776-2020-16-3-29-37</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гафанов Р.А., Дзидзария А.Г., Кравцов И.Б., Фастовец С.В. Комбинация пембролизумаб + акситиниб: новый «золотой стандарт» в 1-й линии при метастатическом светлоклеточном почечно-клеточном раке? Онкоурология 2020;16(3):29–37. DOI: 10.17650/1726-9776-2020-16-3-29-37</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Ferlay J., Steliarova-Foucher E., Lortet-Tieulent J. et al. Cancer incidence and mortality patterns in Europe: estimates for 40 countries in 2012. Eur J Cancer. 2013;49(6):1374–403. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2012.12.027</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Seiwert T.Y., Burtness B., Mehra R. et al. Safety and clinical activity of pembrolizumab for treatment of recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (KEYNOTE-012): an open-label, multicentre, phase 1b trial. Lancet Oncol 2016;17(7):956–65. DOI: 10.1016/S1470-2045(16)30066-3</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Kuruvilla J., Armand P., Hamadan M. et al. Pembrolizumab for patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma: phase 1b KEYNOTE-013 study. Leuk Lymphoma 2023;64(1):130–9. DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2022.2136956</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Suzman D.L., Agrawal S., Ning Y-M et al. FDA approval summary: atezolizumab or pembrolizumab for the treatment of patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma ineligible for cisplatin‐containing chemotherapy. Oncologist 2019;24(4):563–9. DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2018-0084</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Diaz L.A. Jr, Shiu K.K., Kim T.W. et al. Pembrolizumab versus chemotherapy for microsatellite instability-high or mismatch repair-deficient metastatic colorectal cancer (KEYNOTE-177): final analysis of a randomised, open-label, phase 3 study. Lancet Oncol 2022;23(5):659–70. DOI: 10.1016/S1470-2045(22)00197-8</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Protasova A.E., Strakh L.V., Lando E.I., Sidorkina E.V. Metastatic cervical cancer: clinical experience with pembrolizumab application. Case report. Sovremennaya onkologiya = Journal of Modern Oncology 2021;23(2):340–4. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.26442/18151434.2021.2.201009</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Протасова А.Э., Страх Л.В., Ландо Е.И., Сидоркина Е.В. Метастатический рак шейки матки: клинический опыт применения пембролизумаба. Современная онкология 2021;23(2):340–4. DOI: 10.26442/18151434.2021.2.201009</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Bachu R.D., Abou-Dahech M., Balaji S. et al. Oncology biosimilars: New developments and future directions. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2022;5(11):e1720. DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1720</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fedyanin M.Yu., Snegovoy A.V., Breder V.V. et al. Toxicity associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: analysis of immune-related adverse events with a pembrolizumab biosimilar (Pembroria). Bezopasnost y risk farmakoterapii = Safety and Risk of Pharmacotherapy 2023;11(2):215–30. DOI: 10.30895/2312-7821-2023-11-2-360</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Федянин М.Ю., Снеговой А.В., Бредер В.В. и др. Токсичность, ассоциированная с ингибиторами иммунных контрольных точек: анализ иммуноопосредованных нежелательных явлений при применении биоаналога пембролизумаба (Пемброриа). Безопасность и риск фармакотерапии 2023;11(2):215–30. DOI: 10.30895/2312-7821-2023-11-2-360</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shestakova M.V., Vikulova O.K. Biosimilars: presumption of guilt. Sakharniy diabet = Diabetes mellitus 2011;14(4):91–9. (In Russ.). DOI:10.14341/2072-0351-5825</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шестакова М.В., Викулова О.К. Биосимиляры: презумпция виновности? Сахарный диабет 2011;14(4):91–9. DOI: 10.14341/2072-0351-5825</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eltsova E.A., Ramenskaya G.V., Smolyarchuk E.A., Bushmanova A.V. Biosimilars – drugs of the future. Farmakokinetika i Farmakodinamika = Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics 2015;(1):12–5. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ельцова Е.А., Раменская Г.В., Смолярчук Е.А., Бушманова А.В. Биосимиляры – препараты будущего. Фармакокинетика и фармакодинамика. 2015;(1):12–5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Watanabe T., Kiso M., Fukuyama S. at al. Characterization of H7N9 influenza A viruses isolated from humans. Nature 2013;501(7468):551–5. DOI: 10.1038/nature12392</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Hobson W. Safety assessment studies in nonhuman primates. Int J Toxicol 2000;19(2):141–7. DOI:10.1080/109158100224962</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Zhang Y., Huo M., Zhou J., Xie S. PKSolver: An add-in program for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data analysis in Microsoft Excel. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2010;99(3):306–14. DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2010.01.007</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dolgov V.V., Morozova V.T., Marcishevskaya R.L. Clinical and diagnostic value of laboratory parameters. Moscow: Centr, 1995. 214 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Долгов В.В., Морозова В.Т., Марцишевская Р.Л. Клинико-диагностическое значение лабораторных показателей. М.: Центр, 1995. 214 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuksova M.I. The hematopoietic system of monkeys is normal and pathological. Moscow: Medicina, 1972. 128 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Куксова М.И. Кроветворная система обезьян в норме и патологии. М.: Медицина, 1972. 128 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lapin B.A., Dzhikidze E.K., Krylova R.I. et al. Problems of infectious pathology of monkeys. Moscow: Izd-vo RAMN, 2004. 140 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лапин Б.А., Джикидзе Э.К., Крылова Р.И. и др. Проблемы инфекционной патологии обезьян. М.: Изд-во РАМН, 2004. 140 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Лапин Б.А., Джикидзе Э.К., Фридман Э.П. Руководство по медицинской приматологии. М.: Медицина, 1987. 192 с. Lapin B.A., Dzhikidze E.K., Fridman E.P. A guide to medical primatology. Moscow: Medicina, 1987. 192 р. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лапин Б.А., Джикидзе Э.К., Фридман Э.П. Руководство по медицинской приматологии. М.: Медицина, 1987. 192 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Wang H.W., Ying N., Wei S. et al. Reference data of clinical chemistry, haematology and blood coagulation parameters in juvenile cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Vet Med 2018;57(5):233–8. DOI: 10.17221/5953-VETMED</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Fu J., Wang F., Dong L.H. et al. Preclinical evaluation of the efficacy, pharmacokinetics and immunogenicity of JS-001, a programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibody. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2017;38(5):710–8. DOI: 10.1038/aps.2016.161</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Lopes J.E., Sun L., Flick H.L. et al. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic effects of nemvaleukin alfa, a selective agonist of the intermediate-affinity IL-2 receptor, in cynomolgus monkeys. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2021;379(2):203–10. DOI: 10.1124/jpet.121.000612</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Hutchins B., Starling G.C., McCoy M.A. et al. Biophysical and immunological characterization and in vivo pharmacokinetics and toxicology in nonhuman primates of the anti-PD-1 antibody pembrolizumab. Mol Cancer Ther 2020;19(6):1298–307. DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
