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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Biotherapy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Biotherapy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский биотерапевтический журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-9784</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1726-9792</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1492</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1726-9784-2024-23-4-22-29</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The effect of spontaneous tumor regression on melanoma progression</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние спонтанной регрессии опухоли на прогрессию меланомы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4460-9136</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Titov</surname><given-names>K. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Титов</surname><given-names>К. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Konstantin S. Titov</p><p>5 2<sup>nd</sup> Botkinsky Proezd, Moscow 125284; 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow 117198</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125284 Москва, 2-й Боткинский проезд, 5; 117198 Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 6</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4436-8101</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sorokina</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сорокина</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Margarita Viktorovna Sorokina</p><p>5 2nd Botkinsky Proezd, Moscow 125284</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Маргарита Викторовна Сорокина</p><p>125284 Москва, 2-й Боткинский проезд, 5</p></bio><email>wwwdelicious@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6373-1888</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Paklina</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Паклина</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oxana V. Paklina</p><p>86 Entuziastov Shosse, Moscow 111123</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>111123 Москва, шоссе Энтузиастов, 86</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0132-167X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kiselevskiy</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киселевский</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail V. Kiselevskiy</p><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5366-1281</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedev</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедев</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey S. Lebedev</p><p>5 2nd Botkinsky Proezd, Moscow 125284; Build. 1, 2/1 Barricadnaya St., Moscow 125993</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125284 Москва, 2-й Боткинский проезд, 5; 125993 Москва, ул. Баррикадная, 2/1, стр. 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3631-6778</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lunina</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лунина</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia V. Lunina</p><p>5 2nd Botkinsky Proezd, Moscow 125284</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125284 Москва, 2-й Боткинский проезд, 5</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">S.P. Botkin Moscow Multidisciplinary Scientific and Clinical Center, Moscow Healthcare Department</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ г. Москвы «Московский многопрофильный научно-клинический центр им. С.П. Боткина Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Patrice Lumumba Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов им. Патриса Лумумбы»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">A.S. Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center, Moscow Healthcare Department</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ г. Москвы «Московский клинический научно-практический центр им. А.С. Логинова Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-19" publication-format="electronic"><day>19</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>22</fpage><lpage>29</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-12-19"><day>19</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-12-19"><day>19</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://bioterapevt.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/1492">https://bioterapevt.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/1492</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background.</bold> Skin melanoma (SM) is a malignant non-epithelial tumor of transformed melanocytes with predominant localization on the skin (more than 90 % of cases). According to statistics for 2021, SM in Russia accounted for 1.82 % of all malignant neoplasms of the adult population and 12.65 % of all skin tumors. There has been a steady and annual increase in the incidence of SM throughout the world, especially in countries with a predominantly Caucasian population. In Russia, over the past 10 years, mortality from SM has increased by 17.6 %. SM is a heterogeneous tumor with a high metastatic potential, because in addition to standard clinical and pathomorphological prognostic factors, the identification of additional factors of progression and unfavorable prognosis of the disease remains an urgent and unresolved problem of modern oncology.</p><p><bold>Aim</bold>. To determine the role of spontaneous tumor regression in the occurrence of SM progression based on the analysis of literature data and their systematization.</p><p><bold>Results. </bold>This literature review reflects various global research data on the role of spontaneous regression of SM in progression. Spontaneous regression of SM is an immunological process in which the disappearance of tumor cells is observed, which leads to the division of the tumor into separate islands with intermediate areas of non-tumor tissue. The mechanism of spontaneous regression of primary SM, as well as its prognostic significance, is not well understood and studied. Of course, most researchers primarily associate the occurrence of spontaneous regression of melanoma with an immune response, since lymphocytic infiltration of the tumor was noted in all cases of regression. The presence of lymphoid infiltration, as well as the quantitative and qualitative ratio of its cells, are important in the development of the tumor process, affect the effectiveness of immunotherapy and is to a greater extent a factor in a favorable prognosis.</p><p><bold>Conclusion</bold>. The prognostic role of spontaneous melanoma regression is still an unresolved and controversial issue. Interestingly, a number of studies demonstrate that regression is an independent predictor of the progression of SM.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Меланома кожи (МК) – злокачественная неэпителиальная опухоль из трансформированных меланоцитов с преимущественной локализацией на коже (более 90 % случаев). Согласно статистике за 2021 г., в России МК составила 1,82 % всех злокачественных новообразований взрослого населения и 12,65 % всех опухолей кожи. Отмечается неуклонный и ежегодный рост заболеваемости МК во всем мире, особенно в странах с населением преимущественно европеоидной расы. В России за последние 10 лет смертность от МК увеличилась на 17,6 %. МК – гетерогенная опухоль с высоким метастатическим потенциалом, вследствие чего, помимо стандартных клинических и патоморфологических прогностических факторов, выявление дополнительных факторов прогрессии и неблагоприятного прогноза заболевания остается актуальной и не решенной до конца проблемой современной онкологии.</p><p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – определить роль спонтанной регрессии опухоли при возникновении прогрессии МК на основе анализа данных литературы и их систематизации.</p><p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Представленный обзор литературы отражает различные мировые данные исследователей о роли спонтанной регрессии МК при прогрессировании. Спонтанная регрессия МК представляет собой иммунологический процесс, при котором наблюдается исчезновение опухолевых клеток, что приводит к разделению опухоли на отдельные островки с промежуточными участками неопухолевой ткани. Механизм возникновения спонтанной регрессии первичной МК, как и ее прогностическая значимость, недостаточно понятен и изучен. Большинство исследователей в первую очередь связывают возникновение спонтанной регрессии меланомы с иммунным ответом, так как во всех случаях регрессии отмечалась лимфоцитарная инфильтрация опухоли. Наличие лимфоидной инфильтрации, а также количественное и качественное соотношение ее клеток имеют значение в развитии опухолевого процесса, влияют на эффективность иммунотерапии и являются в большей степени фактором благоприятного прогноза для пациента.</p><p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Прогностическая роль спонтанной регрессии меланомы до сих пор остается нерешенным и спорным вопросом. Интересно то, что ряд исследований демонстрируют следующее: регрессия есть независимый предиктор прогрессирования МК.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>melanoma</kwd><kwd>risk of recurrence</kwd><kwd>lymphoid infiltration of the tumor</kwd><kwd>regression of melanoma</kwd><kwd>prognosis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>меланома</kwd><kwd>риск рецидива</kwd><kwd>лимфоидная инфильтрация опухоли</kwd><kwd>регрессия меланомы</kwd><kwd>прогноз</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was performed without external funding</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование проведено без спонсорской поддержки</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaprin A.D., Starinsky V.V., Shakhzadova A.O., Lisichnikova I.V. Malignant neoplasms in Russia in 2022 (morbidity and mortality). 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