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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Biotherapy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Biotherapy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский биотерапевтический журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-9784</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1726-9792</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1451</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1726-9784-2024-23-2-60-68</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORTS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The two types of immune microenvironment of renal cancer</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Два типа иммунного микроокружения рака почки</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1854-3455</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Borunova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борунова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna A. Borunova </p><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анна Анатольевна Борунова </p><p>115552 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><email>a.borunova@ronc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8495-7728</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Alimov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алимов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrei A. Alimov </p><p>1 Moskvorechye St., Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, ул. Москворечье, 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9488-4710</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shoua</surname><given-names>I. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шоуа</surname><given-names>И. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilona B. Shoua</p><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115552 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9146-5986</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chertkova</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черткова</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Antonina I. Chertkova </p><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115552 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0058-0987</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kadagidze</surname><given-names>Z. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кадагидзе</surname><given-names>З. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zaira G. Kadagidze </p><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115552 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6156-9725</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzevanova</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузеванова</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna Yu. Kuzevanova </p><p>1 Moskvorechye St., Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, ул. Москворечье, 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0649-3734</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhumabaev</surname><given-names>N. K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жумабаев</surname><given-names>Н. К.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nurlan K. Zhumabaev </p><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115552 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7642-8170</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Abdul</surname><given-names>F. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абдул</surname><given-names>Ф. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Farkhad M. Abdul </p><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115552 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7500-1815</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khalmurzaev</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Халмурзаев</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oybek A. Khalmurzaev </p><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115552 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1002-161X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nemtseva</surname><given-names>K. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Немцева</surname><given-names>К. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Karolina S. Nemtseva </p><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115552 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3280-1674</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Matveev</surname><given-names>А. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Матвеев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksey V. Matveev </p><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115552 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kononets</surname><given-names>P. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кононец</surname><given-names>П. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel V. Kononets </p><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115552 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7748-9527</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Matveev</surname><given-names>V. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Матвеев</surname><given-names>В. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vsevolod B. Matveev </p><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115552 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7631-5699</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zabotina</surname><given-names>T. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Заботина</surname><given-names>Т. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana N. Zabotina</p><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115552 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н. Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Centre for Medical Genetics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Медико-генетический научный центр им. акад. Н. П. Бочкова»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-06-26" publication-format="electronic"><day>26</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>60</fpage><lpage>68</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-06-26"><day>26</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-06-26"><day>26</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://bioterapevt.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/1451">https://bioterapevt.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/1451</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background.</bold> The tumor microenvironment can both restrain tumor growth and promote disease progression. Therefore, the study of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) subpopulation composition is an urgent and significant topic.</p><p><bold>Aim.</bold> To characterize the immune microenvironment of renal cancer by flow cytometry.</p><p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> The study included blood, kidney tumor and normal tissue of the removed kidney of 32 patients with clear cell renal cancer treated at N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology. Kidney tissue was obtained during surgical removal of the tumor (resection / nephrectomy). A fragment of tumor and normal tissue was taken for analysis under the control of a morphologist. Blood for the study was taken on the day of surgery. Immunologic study was performed by flow cytometry. Kidney tissue was preliminarily homogenized and cell suspension was stained, as well as peripheral blood, with monoclonal antibodies to CD45, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD16<sup>+</sup>CD56<sup>+</sup>, CD19, CD28, CD279, CD11b labeled with different fluorochromes.</p><p><bold>Results.</bold> T-lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells have a pronounced inverse correlation, which allowed us to distinguish two (<italic>n</italic> = 32; 18 / 14) variants of tumor immune microenvironment. T-cell variant, with predominance of CD3<sup>+</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup> cells over CD3<sup>+</sup>CD4<sup>+</sup> lymphocytes, and NK cell variant – increase in the number of NK cells with a pronounced decrease in the proportion of T-lymphocytes at the expense of CD3<sup>+</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup> lymphocytes. The two variants are based on the difference of effector link – predominance of cells of innate (NK) or adoptive (CD3<sup>+</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup>) immunity. TILs immune profiles also differed in the number of CD8<sup>+</sup>PD1<sup>+</sup> cells – in the T-cell variant their number was 2 times higher than in the NK cell variant. The similar distribution concerned CD4<sup>+</sup> Treg cells.</p><p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> Two immunologically competitive variants of renal tumor microenvironment were revealed – T-cell variant, characterized by a greater degree of infiltration and concentration of T-regulatory cells; NK cell variant, with an insignificant degree of infiltration and a pronounced strengthening of the effector link in the tissue and proinflammatory activity of peripheral blood.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Микроокружение опухоли может как сдерживать опухолевый рост, так и способствовать прогрессированию заболевания, поэтому исследование субпопуляционного состава опухолеинфильтрирующих лимфоцитов (tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, TILs) является актуальной и значимой темой.</p><p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – охарактеризовать иммунное микроокружение рака почки методом проточной цитометрии.</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> В исследование включены кровь, опухолевая и нормальная ткань удаленной почки 32 пациентов со светлоклеточным почечным раком, получавших лечение в Национальном медицинском исследовательском центре онкологии им. Н. Н. Блохина. Ткань почки была получена при хирургическом удалении опухоли (резекции / нефрэктомии). Для анализа брали фрагмент опухоли и нормальной ткани под контролем морфолога. Кровь для исследования забирали в день операции. Иммунологическое исследование проводили методом проточной цитометрии. Ткань почки предварительно гомогенизировали и обрабатывали клеточную суспензию, как и периферическую кровь, моноклональными антителами к CD45, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD16<sup>+</sup>CD56<sup>+</sup>, CD19, CD28, CD279, CD11b, меченными различными флуорохромами.</p><p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Т-лимфоциты и NK-клетки (естественные киллеры) имеют выраженную обратную корреляционную связь, что позволило выделить 2 (<italic>n</italic> = 32; 18 / 14) варианта иммунного микроокружения опухоли: Т-клеточный вариант с преобладанием CD3<sup>+</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup>-клеток над CD3<sup>+</sup>CD4<sup>+</sup>-лимфоцитами и NK-клеточный – увеличение количества NK-клеток при выраженном уменьшении доли Т-лимфоцитов за счет CD3<sup>+</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup>-лимфоцитов. В основе двух вариантов лежит различие эффекторного звена – преобладание клеток врожденного (NK) или адоптивного (CD3<sup>+</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup>) иммунитета. Различались TILs иммунных профилей и по количеству CD8<sup>+</sup>PD1<sup>+</sup>-клеток – при Т-клеточном варианте их количество было в 2 раза больше, чем при NK-клеточном. Аналогичное распределение касалось и CD4<sup>+</sup>-Treg-клеток.</p><p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Выявлено 2 иммунологически конкурентных варианта микроокружения опухоли почки – Т-клеточный, характеризующийся большей степенью выраженности инфильтрации и концентрацией Т-регуляторных клеток; NK-клеточный, с незначительной степенью инфильтрации и выраженным усилением эффекторного звена в ткани и провоспалительной активностью периферической крови.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>TILs</kwd><kwd>NK cells</kwd><kwd>CD8<sup>+</sup>PD1<sup>+</sup> cells</kwd><kwd>cancer renal</kwd><kwd>SII index</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>TILs</kwd><kwd>NK-клетки</kwd><kwd>CD8<sup>+</sup>PD1<sup>+</sup>-клетки</kwd><kwd>рак почки</kwd><kwd>SII индекс</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was performed within the framework of the state assignment of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia for Research Centre for Medical Genetics and the theme of research work № И123021000086-7.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания Минобрнауки России для ФГБНУ «Медико-генетический научный центр им. акад. Н.П. Бочкова» и темы НИР № И123021000086-7.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1. Rooney M.S., Shukla S.A., Wu C.J. et al. Molecular and genetic properties of tumors associated with local immune cytolytic activity. Cell 2015;160(1-2):48–61. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.12.033</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rooney M.S., Shukla S.A., Wu C.J. et al. Molecular and genetic properties of tumors associated with local immune cytolytic activity. Cell 2015;160(1-2):48–61. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.12.033</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">2. Giraldo N.A., Becht E., Pages F. et al. Orchestration and prognostic significance of immune checkpoints in the microenvironment of primary and metastatic renal cell cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2015;21(13):3031–40. 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