Russian Journal of BiotherapyRussian Journal of BiotherapyРоссийский биотерапевтический журнал1726-97841726-9792Publishing House ABV Press144810.17650/1726-9784-2024-23-2-25-35REVIEWОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫExpression characteristics of tumors as prognostic and predictive markers for resectable and locally advanced colorectal cancerЭкспрессионные характеристики опухоли как прогностические и предиктивные маркеры резектабельного и местно-распространенного колоректального ракаhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9732-4033MakievG. G.МакиевГ. Г.
Russian Federation

Georgii G. Makiev

24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522; 1A Malaya Pirogovskaya St., Moscow 119435

Георгий Георгиевич Макиев 

115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24; 119435 Москва, Малая Пироговская ул., 1А

mak.geor@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5615-7806FedyaninM. Yu.ФедянинМ. Ю.
Russian Federation

Mikhail Yu. Fedyanin

24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522; 8 Sosenskiy Stan St., Moscow 108814;70 Nizhnyaya Pervomaiskaya St., Moscow 105203

115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24; 108814 Москва, ул. Сосенский Стан, 8;105203 Москва, ул. Нижняя Первомайская, 70

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8114-7885IgnatovaE. O.ИгнатоваЕ. О.
United Kingdom

Ekaterina O. Ignatova

93 Harley Street, W1G 6AD London, UK

W1G 6AD Лондон, Харли-стрит, 93

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7753-3081KuznetsovaO. A.КузнецоваО. А.
Russian Federation

Olesya A. Kuznetsova

24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522

115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24

https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6649-9856ChikharevaYa. E.ЧихареваЯ. Е.
Russian Federation

Yana E. Chikhareva

24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522

115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2245-214XTryakinA. A.ТрякинА. А.
Russian Federation

Alexey A. Tryakin

24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522

115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24

N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of RussiaФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н. Н. Блохина» Минздрава РоссииLopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological AgencyФГБУ «Федеральный научно-клинический центр физико-химической медицины им. акад. Ю. М. Лопухина Федерального медико-биологического агентства»Moscow Multidisciplinary Clinical Center “Kommunarka”ГБУЗ г. Москвы «Московский многопрофильный клинический центр «Коммунарка» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы»National Medical and Surgical Center named after N. I. Pirogov, Ministry of Health of RussiaФГБУ «Национальный медико-хирургический центр им. Н. И. Пирогова» Минздрава РоссииSarah Cannon Research InstituteИсследовательский институт Сары Кэннон2606202423225352606202426062024https://bioterapevt.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/1448

Background. The risks of recurrence and death in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) can vary significantly, even among patients with similar clinicopathological features, due to the high level of tumor heterogeneity. Existing molecular classifications have relatively limited value. Gene signatures identified through whole-exome / whole-transcriptome analyses may play a more significant role.

Aim. To systematize literature data on expression signatures and describe their prognostic and predictive value in the context of non-metastatic CRC.

Results. This review describes contemporary aspects of personalized approaches in the treatment of CRC applied in clinical practice: mutational and microsatellite status, the significance of the primary tumor’s location. Data on multi-gene signatures and tumor expression characteristics are also presented. Several signatures allow predicting the risk of recurrence, disease-free, and overall survival in resectable and locally advanced CRC. Additionally, the correlation between drug sensitivity and DNA repair gene signatures is demonstrated. Data on the correlation of expression signatures with proteins, phosphoproteins, and their role as prognostic and predictive factors in non-metastatic CRC are provided.

Conclusion. The practical application of gene signatures currently lacks significance. Due to the scattered nature of data and the wide variety of examined signatures, making meaningful conclusions about their practical value is impossible. However, it is possible that in the future, the use of gene signatures will lead to a more accurate prognosis, new approaches to drug therapy, and improved outcomes for patients with CRC.

Введение. Риски рецидива и смерти пациентов с колоректальным раком (КРР) могут значительно различаться даже у пациентов со схожими клинико-патоморфологическими особенностями из-за высокого уровня гетерогенности опухоли. Существующие молекулярные классификации имеют довольно ограниченное значение. Возможно, большую роль будут иметь генные сигнатуры, выделенные с помощью полноэкзомного / полнотранскриптомного анализов.

Цель исследования – систематизирование данных литературы, посвященных экспрессионным сигнатурам, описание их прогностического и предиктивного значения в контексте неметастатического КРР.

Результаты. В данном обзоре описаны современные аспекты персонификации подходов к лечению КРР, применяемые в клинической практике: мутационный и микросателлитный статусы, значение локализации первичной опухоли. Представлены также данные по мультигенным сигнатурам, экспрессионным характеристикам опухоли. Ряд сигнатур позволяют предсказать риск рецидива, безрецидивную и общую выживаемость резектабельного и местно-распространенного КРР. Кроме того, показана корреляция лекарственной чувствительности с сигнатурами генов репарации ДНК, представлены данные по корреляции экспрессионных сигнатур с белками, фосфопротеинами и их роль как прогностических и предиктивных факторов неметастатического КРР.

Заключение. Применение генных сигнатур на сегодняшний момент не имеет практического значения. Ввиду разрозненности данных, большого разнообразия исследуемых сигнатур сделать какие-то значимые выводы по их практическому значению невозможно. Однако, вероятно, в будущем использование генных сигнатур приведет к более точному определению прогноза, новым подходам к лекарственной терапии и улучшению результатов лечения пациентов с КРР.

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