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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Biotherapy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Biotherapy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский биотерапевтический журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-9784</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1726-9792</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1430</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1726-9784-2024-23-1-37-44</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORTS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Effect of inactivating heterozygous mutations in DNA repair genes on experimental lung carcinogenesis in mice</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние инактивирующих гетерозиготных мутаций в генах репарации ДНК на развитие экспериментального канцерогенеза легкого у мышей</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2264-4857</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Maydin</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Майдин</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail A. Maydin, </p><p>68, Leningradskaia Str., Pesochnyi, Saint Petersburg, 197758.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михаил Александрович Майдин,</p><p>197758, Санкт-Петербург, пос. Песочный, ул. Ленинградская, 68.</p></bio><email>mikhail.maydin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3589-5871</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yurova</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юрова</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria N. Yurova,</p><p>68, Leningradskaia Str., Pesochnyi, Saint Petersburg, 197758.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>М.Н. Юрова, </p><p>197758, Санкт-Петербург, пос. Песочный, ул. Ленинградская, 68.</p><p> </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2426-9843</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedoros</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федорос</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena I. Fedoros,</p><p>68, Leningradskaia Str., Pesochnyi, Saint Petersburg, 197758.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Е.И. Федорос, </p><p>197758, Санкт-Петербург, пос. Песочный, ул. Ленинградская, 68.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8866-1863</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sergiev</surname><given-names>P. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сергиев</surname><given-names>П. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Petr V. Sergiev,</p><p>1, Kolmogorova Str., Moscow 119991.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>П.В. Сергиев, </p><p>119991 Москва, ул. Колмогорова, 1.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2149-7728</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Aleksakhina</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексахина</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana N. Aleksakhina,</p><p>68, Leningradskaia Str., Pesochnyi, Saint Petersburg, 197758.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>С.Н. Алексахина, </p><p>197758, Санкт-Петербург, пос. Песочный, ул. Ленинградская, 68.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0158-1820</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Otradnova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Отраднова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina A. Otradnova,</p><p>68, Leningradskaia Str., Pesochnyi, Saint Petersburg, 197758.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Е.А. Отраднова, </p><p>197758, Санкт-Петербург, пос. Песочный, ул. Ленинградская, 68.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1214-4637</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kruglov</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Круглов</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Stepan S. Kruglov,</p><p>68, Leningradskaia Str., Pesochnyi, Saint Petersburg, 197758.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>С.С. Круглов, </p><p>197758, Санкт-Петербург, пос. Песочный, ул. Ленинградская, 68.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4529-7891</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Imyanitov</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Имянитов</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny N. Imyanitov,</p><p>68, Leningradskaia Str., Pesochnyi, Saint Petersburg, 197758.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Е.Н. Имянитов,</p><p>197758, Санкт-Петербург, пос. Песочный, ул. Ленинградская, 68.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Петрова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-03-23" publication-format="electronic"><day>23</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>37</fpage><lpage>44</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-03-22"><day>22</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-03-22"><day>22</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://bioterapevt.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/1430">https://bioterapevt.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/1430</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background. </bold>Inactivating mutations in <italic>Chek2</italic> and <italic>Gprc5a</italic> genes are known to be associated with cancer development. Experimental carcinogenesis studies in genetically modified mice generate new data on their influence on pathology development.</p><p><bold>Aim. </bold>In the present study in a model of lung carcinogenesis, survival parameters as well as tumor multiplicity and size in mice with Chek2 and Gprc5a heterozygous inactivating mutations were evaluated.</p><p><bold>Material and methods.</bold> F2 hybrid mice from crosses between CBAB6F1 males heterozygous for the studied mutations and wild-type BALB / c females were used: <italic>Chek2<sup>dAA</sup>-</italic>carriers (76 males and 64 females) and <italic>Gprc5a<sup>insA</sup>-</italic>carriers (60 males and 42 females). Starting at four months of age, mice received urethane (ethyl carbamate) intraperitoneally at a dose of 600 mg / kg weekly for 6 weeks. After genotyping by allele-specific PCR, animals were allocated to groups. Carcinogenesis parameters were evaluated 40 weeks after the beginning of the experiment.</p><p><bold>Results. </bold>The proportion of mice with mutations surviving to the age of three months roughly followed the Mendelian distribution (35 / 41 males and 33 / 31 females) for the offspring of males heterozygous for <italic>Chek2<sup>dAA</sup></italic> and was significantly lower in the case of <italic>Gprc5a<sup>insA</sup></italic> (20 / 40 males and 17 / 25 females, <italic>p</italic> = 0.043). The death of <italic>Gprc5a<sup>insA</sup></italic> carriers during the experiment was also higher than in the control group (<italic>p</italic> = 0.0506 in females). Synchronous lung and thymus neoplasms were found in 2 out of 4 <italic>Gprc5a<sup>insA</sup></italic> females that died before the end of the experiment, which were not found in other groups. At the end of the experiment, no significant differences in tumor multiplicity, mean linear size, and volume were found between the groups of mice with and without mutations.</p><p><bold>Conclusion. </bold>It was found that heterozygous inactivating mutation <italic>Chek2<sup>dAA</sup></italic> does not affect early age development and does not modify the parameters of induced lung carcinogenesis in mice. Heterozygous carriage of <italic>Gprc5a<sup>insA</sup></italic> mutation in mice increases the risk of early death and sensitivity to the toxic and carcinogenic effects of urethane.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение. </bold>Известно, что инактивирующие мутации в генах <italic>Chek2</italic> и <italic>Gprc5a</italic> ассоциированы с развитием онкологических заболеваний. Экспериментальные исследования канцерогенеза у генетически модифицированных мышей позволяют получить новые данные об их влиянии на развитие патологии.</p><p><bold>Цель исследования –</bold> на мышах с гетерозиготными инактивирующими мутациями в генах <italic>Chek2</italic> и <italic>Gprc5a</italic> оценить выживаемость, а также множественность и размеры экспериментальных опухолей в модели канцерогенеза легкого.</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы. </bold>Использовали мышей гибридов 2-го поколения от скрещивания гетерозиготных по исследуемым мутациям самцов CBAB6F1 с самками BALB / c дикого типа: потомков носителей мутаций <italic>Chek2<sup>dAA </sup></italic>(76 самцов и 64 самки) и <italic>Gprc5a<sup>insA</sup></italic> (60 самцов и 42 самки). Начиная с 4-месячного возраста мыши получали уретан (этилкарбамат) внутрибрюшинно в дозе 600 мг / кг еженедельно в течение 6 нед. После генотипирования с помощью аллель-специфической полимеразной цепной реакции животных распределяли по группам. Через 40 нед от начала опыта проводили оценку параметров канцерогенеза.</p><p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Доля доживших до 3-месячного возраста мышей с мутациями примерно соответствовала менделевскому распределению (35 / 41 самцы и 33 / 31 самки) для потомства самцов, гетерозиготных по <italic>Chek2<sup>dAA </sup></italic>и была существенно меньше в случае <italic>Gprc5a<sup>insA</sup> </italic>(20 / 40 самцы и 17 / 25 самки; <italic>p</italic> = 0,043). Гибель носителей <italic>Gprc5a<sup>insA</sup></italic> в течение опыта также была выше, чем у контрольной группы (<italic>p</italic> = 0,0506 у самок). У 2 из 4 погибших до окончания опыта самок <italic>Gprc5a<sup>insA</sup></italic> обнаружены синхронные новообразования легких и тимуса, не встречавшиеся в других группах. В конце эксперимента не выявлено существенных различий между значениями показателей множественности, средних линейных размеров и объемов опухолей в группах мышей с мутациями и без них.</p><p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Установлено, что гетерозиготная инактивирующая мутация <italic>Chek2<sup>dAA</sup></italic> у мышей не влияет на развитие животных раннего возраста и не модифицирует параметры индуцированного канцерогенеза легкого. Гетерозиготное носительство мутации <italic>Gprc5a<sup>insA</sup></italic> у мышей повышает риск ранней гибели и чувствительность к токсическому и канцерогенному воздействию уретана.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mice</kwd><kwd>carcinogenesis</kwd><kwd>inactivating mutations</kwd><kwd>CHEK2</kwd><kwd>GPRC5A</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мыши</kwd><kwd>канцерогенез</kwd><kwd>инактивирующие мутации</kwd><kwd>CHEK2</kwd><kwd>GPRC5A</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was supported by Russian Scientific Fund (project No 22-25-00569).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при поддержке РНФ (проект № 22-25-00569).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Imyanitov E.N., Byrski T. Systemic treatment for hereditary cancers: A 2012 update. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2013;11(1):2. 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