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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Biotherapy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Biotherapy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский биотерапевтический журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-9784</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1726-9792</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1416</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1726-9784-2023-22-4-52-59</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORTS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Development of the test system based on enzyme immunoassay for the detection of recombinant <italic>Streptococcus</italic> pneumoniae pneumolysin</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Разработка тест-системы на основе иммуноферментного анализа для детекции рекомбинантного пневмолизина <italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae</italic></trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0282-4471</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurbatova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курбатова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>5A Maly Kazenny Ln., Moscow 105064</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>105064 Москва, Малый Казенный пер., 5А</p></bio><email>kurbatova6162@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5123-2651</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakovleva</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яковлева</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>5A Maly Kazenny Ln., Moscow 105064</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>105064 Москва, Малый Казенный пер., 5А</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6704-0339</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gavrilova</surname><given-names>N. F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гаврилова</surname><given-names>Н. Ф.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>5A Maly Kazenny Ln., Moscow 105064</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>105064 Москва, Малый Казенный пер., 5А</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1926-8803</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vorobyev</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воробьев</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>5A Maly Kazenny Ln., Moscow 105064</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>105064 Москва, Малый Казенный пер., 5А</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0796-5764</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Petukhova</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петухова</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>5A Maly Kazenny Ln., Moscow 105064</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>105064 Москва, Малый Казенный пер., 5А</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6630-4838</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Semenova</surname><given-names>I. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семенова</surname><given-names>И. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>5A Maly Kazenny Ln., Moscow 105064</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>105064 Москва, Малый Казенный пер., 5А</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8434-231X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaitsev</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайцев</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>5A Maly Kazenny Ln., Moscow 105064</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>105064 Москва, Малый Казенный пер., 5А</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5161-4964</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Volokh</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волох</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>5A Maly Kazenny Ln., Moscow 105064</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>105064 Москва, Малый Казенный пер., 5А</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2889-2405</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Leonova</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Леонова</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>5A Maly Kazenny Ln., Moscow 105064</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>105064 Москва, Малый Казенный пер., 5А</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8962-4765</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Poddubikov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поддубиков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>5A Maly Kazenny Ln., Moscow 105064</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>105064 Москва, Малый Казенный пер., 5А</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8679-2421</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kaloshin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калошин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>5A Maly Kazenny Ln., Moscow 105064</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>105064 Москва, Малый Казенный пер., 5А</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1922-4640</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gruber</surname><given-names>I. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грубер</surname><given-names>И. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>5A Maly Kazenny Ln., Moscow 105064</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>105064 Москва, Малый Казенный пер., 5А</p><p> </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт вакцин и сывороток им. И. И. Мечникова»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-11-23" publication-format="electronic"><day>23</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>52</fpage><lpage>59</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-11-23"><day>23</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-11-23"><day>23</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://bioterapevt.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/1416">https://bioterapevt.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/1416</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Backgraund</bold>. Pneumolysin (Ply) is a hemolytic toxin of Streptococcus pneumoniae (<italic>S. pneumoniae</italic>) expressed by all strains of pneumococci. The use of sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) can be a simple, fast and effective way of its qualitative and quantitative determination in biological fluids.</p><p><bold>Aim.</bold> To develop and evaluate the specificity of sandwich ELISA test system for qualitative and quantitative determination of recombinant Ply (rPly) of <italic>S. pneumoniae</italic>.</p><p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> Immobilized on the solid phase rabbit’s polyclonal antibodies (pAbs) to rPly were used as recognition antibodies in sandwich ELISA. The studied antigens were added to the pAbs (rPly). The reaction was manifested by using detecting mouse monoclonal IgG1 (rPly) – antibodies conjugated with horseradish root peroxidase. The specificity of the test system was evaluated when using recombinant α-hemolysin (rα-Hly) and water-soluble <italic>S. aureus</italic> antigens as reference preparations.</p><p><bold>Results.</bold> Using sandwich ELISA, rPly was detected at a concentration of 0.15 µ / ml. The test system was characterized by specificity, which was confirmed by the absence of reaction with recombinant rα-Hly of Staphylococcus aureus (<italic>S. aureus</italic>). Reference preparations of water-soluble surface antigens of <italic>S. aureus</italic> strains No 209, 1986,1991 and Cowan I gave a false positive reaction due to the presence of protein A (SpA) in their composition, a thermostable surface protein expressed by many strains of staphylococci capable of binding immunoglobulins via Fc-fragment or Fab fragments of the V3H domain of the B cells receptor. A negative reaction was obtained with antigens from the <italic>S. aureus</italic> wood 46 strain, which does not have the spa gene encoding SpA expression. The presence of protein A in preparations of water-soluble <italic>S. aureus</italic> antigens was confirmed in the ELISA inhibition assay.</p><p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> Sandwich ELISA has been developed for qualitative and quantitative determination of <italic>S. pneumoniae</italic> Ply. The conducted studies have confirmed the specificity of the test system.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Пневмолизин (Ply) – гемолитический токсин <italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae</italic> (<italic>S. pneumoniae</italic>), экспрессируемый всеми штаммами пневмококка. Для его качественного и количественного определения в биологических жидкостях простым, быстрым и эффективным способом может быть использование сэндвич-ИФА (иммуноферментного анализа).</p><p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – разработать и оценить специфичность сэндвич-ИФА тест-системы для качественного и количественного определения рекомбинантного Ply (rPly) <italic>S. pneumoniae</italic>.</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> В качестве распознающих антител в сэндвич-ИФА использовали кроличьи поликлональные антитела (ПкАТ) к rPly, иммобилизованные на твердой фазе. К ПкАТ (rPly) прибавляли исследуемые антигены (АГ). Реакцию проявляли детектирующими мышиными моноклональными иммуноглобулинами – IgG1 (rPly) – антителами, конъюгированными с пероксидазой корня хрена. Специфичность тест-системы оценивали при использовании в качестве референс-препаратов рекомбинантного α-гемолизина (rα-Hly) и водорастворимых АГ Staphylococcus aureus (<italic>S. aureus</italic>).</p><p><bold>Результаты.</bold> С помощью сэндвич-ИФА rPly выявлен в концентрации 0,15 мкг / мл. Тест-система характеризовалась специфичностью, что подтверждено отсутствием реакции с rα-Hly <italic>S. aureus</italic>. Референс-препараты водорастворимых поверхностных АГ штаммов <italic>S. aureus</italic> № 209, 1986, 1991 и Cowan I давали ложноположительную реакцию за счет присутствия в их составе протеина А (SpA) – термостабильного поверхностного белка, экспрессируемого многими штаммами стафилококка, способного связывать иммуноглобулины через Fc-фрагмент или Fabфрагменты V3H домена В-клеточного рецептора. Отрицательная реакция получена с АГ из штамма <italic>S. aureus</italic> wood 46, не имеющего гена spa, кодирующего экспрессию SpA. Присутствие SpA в препаратах водорастворимых АГ <italic>S. aureus</italic> подтверждено в реакции ингибирования при ИФА.</p><p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Разработан сэндвич-ИФА для качественного и количественного определения Ply <italic>S. pneumoniae</italic>. Проведенные исследования подтвердили специфичность тест-системы.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>recombinant pneumolysin</kwd><kwd>recombinant α-hemolysin</kwd><kwd>monoclonal antibody</kwd><kwd>protein A</kwd><kwd>sandwich ELISA</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рекомбинантный пневмолизин</kwd><kwd>рекомбинантный α-гемолизин</kwd><kwd>моноклональное антитело</kwd><kwd>белок А</kwd><kwd>сэндвич-ИФА</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant No 22-25-202</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке гранта Российского научного фонда № 22-25-20221.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Grousd J.A., Rich H.E., Alcorn J.F. Host-pathogen interactions in gram-positive bacterial pneumonia. Clin Microbiol Rev 2019; 32:e00107-18. 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