<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Biotherapy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Biotherapy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский биотерапевтический журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-9784</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1726-9792</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1412</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1726-9784-2023-22-4-17-27</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Principles and approaches in the development of fluorescent hydrogels for cancer diagnosis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Принципы и подходы к созданию флуоресцентных гидрогелей для диагностики онкологических заболеваний</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5321-3753</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolov</surname><given-names>P. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколов</surname><given-names>П. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>5 Nobelya St., Skolkovo, 121205 Moscow</p><p>31 Kashirskoe Shosse, 115409 Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>121205 Москва, Сколково, ул. Нобеля, 5</p><p>115409 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 31</p></bio><email>socolovpm87@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2878-8376</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Samokhvalov</surname><given-names>P. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самохвалов</surname><given-names>П. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>5 Nobelya St., Skolkovo, 121205 Moscow</p><p>31 Kashirskoe Shosse, 115409 Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>121205 Москва, Сколково, ул. Нобеля, 5</p><p>115409 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 31</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6381-5107</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Baranova</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баранова</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>31 Kashirskoe Shosse, 115409 Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115409 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 31</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2796-7898</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sukhanova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суханова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="FR">France</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>51 rue Cognacq Jay, 51100 Reims</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>51100 Реймс, ул. Когнак Жэ, 51</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Life Improvement by Future Technologies (LIFT) Center</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ЛИФТ (Life Improvement by Future Technologies) Центр</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Национальный исследовательский ядерный университет «МИФИ»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Университет Реймса Шампань-Арденн</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-11-23" publication-format="electronic"><day>23</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>17</fpage><lpage>27</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-11-22"><day>22</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-11-22"><day>22</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://bioterapevt.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/1412">https://bioterapevt.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/1412</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction. </bold>Early sensitive and highly specific diagnosis is crucial for successful cancer therapy. The use of fluorescent hydrogels (FHG) makes it possible to develop versatile biosensors due to the increased binding capacity of biological capture and reporter molecules, sensitive fluorescence detection, and the flexibility of combining their structural and functional elements.</p><p><bold>Aim. </bold>Analyzing the principles of designing biosensors based on FHG for the detection of cancer markers and the methodological approaches to their development, as well as summarizing and systematizing the data on the principles of detection and target signal generation used in these sensors.</p><p><bold>Results. </bold>FHG represent 3D sensing platforms, i. e., structures that combine the reporter fluorescence function with biological capture molecules, allowing the unique optical properties of fluorescent nanocrystals at the macro level to be preserved. The porous structure of hydrogels increases the active surface area of biosensors for 3D immobilization of fluorescent labels and biological capture molecules, while preserving the structure of these molecules, which ensures specific binding of the detected molecules of the sample. This ensures a higher sensitivity compared with the traditional methods of immunoenzymatic and immunochromatographic analyses. Not only the traditionally used antibodies, but also enzymes and glycoproteins, aptamers and oligonucleotides, as well as polymers obtained by molecular imprinting, can serve as biological capture molecules, which extends the range of specifically detectable analytes.</p><p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> The review presents examples of biosensors based on FHG intended for the detection of cancer markers and describes approaches to the preparation of FHG and immobilization of biological capture molecules, as well as principles of generation of the detected optical signal. The main advantages of fluorescent hydrogel biosensors over the classical tests used for quick diagnosis of cancer are shown.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение. </bold>Ранняя чувствительная и высокоспецифичная диагностика является одной из важных составляющих успешной терапии онкологических заболеваний. Флуоресцентные гидрогели позволяют создавать универсальные биосенсоры благодаря повышенной емкости связывания биологических распознающих и репортерных молекул, возможности проведения высокочувствительной флуоресцентной детекции, а также гибкости комбинирования их структурных и функциональных элементов.</p><p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – рассмотреть принципы дизайна и методические подходы к созданию биосенсоров на основе флуоресцентных гидрогелей для детекции онкомаркеров, а также обобщить и систематизировать данные по применяемым в них принципам детекции и генерации детектируемого сигнала.</p><p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Флуоресцентные гидрогели являются примером трехмерных сенсорных платформ – структур, объединяющих репортерную флуоресцентную функцию с биологическими распознающими молекулами, которые позволяют сохранить уникальные оптические свойства флуоресцентных нанокристаллов на макроуровне. Пористая структура гидрогелей позволяет увеличить активную площадь поверхности биосенсоров для трехмерной иммобилизации флуоресцентных меток и биологических распознающих молекул, при этом сохраняя структуру последних для специфического связывания детектируемых молекул образца, что обеспечивает чувствительность, превосходящую традиционные методы иммуноферментного и иммунохроматографического анализа. В качестве биологических распознающих молекул могут выступать не только традиционно применяемые антитела, но и ферменты и гликопротеины, аптамеры и олигонуклеотиды, а также полимеры, полученные методом молекулярного импринтинга, что расширяет круг специфически детектируемых аналитов.</p><p><bold>Заключение.</bold> В обзоре представлены примеры биосенсоров на основе флуоресцентных гидрогелей для детекции маркеров онкологических заболеваний, изложены подходы к получению этих гелей, иммобилизации биологических распознающих молекул и принципы генерации оптического детектируемого сигнала. Показаны основные преимущества флуоресцентных гидрогелевых биосенсоров перед классическими тестами, применяемыми в области экспресс-диагностики онкологических заболеваний.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>fluorescent hydrogels</kwd><kwd>cancer markers</kwd><kwd>fluorescent nanocrystals</kwd><kwd>gel formation</kwd><kwd>biosensing</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>флуоресцентные гидрогели</kwd><kwd>онкологические маркеры</kwd><kwd>флуоресцентные нанокристаллы</kwd><kwd>процесс гелеобразования</kwd><kwd>биосенсинг</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation through the grant № 075-15-2021-935.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Данная работа была поддержана грантом № 075-15-2021-935 Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1. Hawkes N. Cancer survival data emphasise importance of early diagnosis. BMJ 2019;364:1408. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.l408</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hawkes N. Cancer survival data emphasise importance of early diagnosis. BMJ 2019;364:1408. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.l408</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">2. Crosby D., Bhatia S., Brindle K.M. et al. Early detection of cancer. Science 2022;375(6586):eaay9040. DOI: 10.1126/science.aay9040</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Crosby D., Bhatia S., Brindle K.M. et al. Early detection of cancer. Science 2022;375(6586):eaay9040. DOI: 10.1126/science.aay9040</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">3. Pulumati A., Pulumati A., Dwarakanath B.S. et al. Technological advancements in cancer diagnostics: Improvements and limitations. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2023;6(2):e1764. DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1764</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pulumati A., Pulumati A., Dwarakanath B.S. et al. Technological advancements in cancer diagnostics: Improvements and limitations. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2023;6(2):e1764. DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1764</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">4. Sukhanova A., Ramos-Gomes F., Chames P. et al. Multiphoton deep-tissue imaging of micrometastases and disseminated cancer cells using conjugates of quantum dots and single-domain antibodies. Methods Mol Biol 2021;2350:105–23. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1593-5_8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sukhanova A., Ramos-Gomes F., Chames P. et al. Multiphoton deep-tissue imaging of micrometastases and disseminated cancer cells using conjugates of quantum dots and single-domain antibodies. Methods Mol Biol 2021;2350:105–23. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1593-5_8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">5. Lutz A.M., Willmann J.K., Cochran F.V. et al. Cancer screening: a mathematical model relating secreted blood biomarker levels to tumor sizes. PLoS medicine 2008;5(8):e170. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0050170</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lutz A.M., Willmann J.K., Cochran F.V. et al. Cancer screening: a mathematical model relating secreted blood biomarker levels to tumor sizes. PLoS medicine 2008;5(8):e170. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0050170</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">6. You P.Y., Li F.C., Liu M.H., Chan Y.H. Colorimetric and fluorescent dual-mode immunoassay based on plasmon-enhanced fluorescence of polymer dots for detection of PSA in whole blood. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019;11(10):9841–9. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b00204</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">You P.Y., Li F.C., Liu M.H., Chan Y.H. Colorimetric and fluorescent dual-mode immunoassay based on plasmon-enhanced fluorescence of polymer dots for detection of PSA in whole blood. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019;11(10):9841–9. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b00204</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">7. Li Y., Huang Z.-Z., Weng Y., Tan H. Pyrophosphate ion-responsive alginate hydrogel as an effective fluorescent sensing platform for alkaline phosphatase detection. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019;55(76):11450–3. DOI: 10.1039/C9CC05223B</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li Y., Huang Z.-Z., Weng Y., Tan H. Pyrophosphate ion-responsive alginate hydrogel as an effective fluorescent sensing platform for alkaline phosphatase detection. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019;55(76):11450–3. DOI: 10.1039/C9CC05223B</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">8. Guglielmi M., Martucci A. Semiconductor quantum dot-doped sol–gel materials. In: Martucci A., Santos L., Estefanía Rojas Hernández R., Almeida R., eds. Sol–gel derived optical and photonic materials. Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing, 2020. P. 209–226.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guglielmi M., Martucci A. Semiconductor quantum dot-doped sol–gel materials. In: Martucci A., Santos L., Estefanía Rojas Hernández R., Almeida R., eds. Sol–gel derived optical and photonic materials. Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing, 2020. P. 209–226.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">9. Richter A., Paschew G., Klatt S. et al. Review on hydrogel-based pH sensors and microsensors. Sensors (Basel) 2008;8(1):561–81. DOI: 10.3390/s8010561</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Richter A., Paschew G., Klatt S. et al. Review on hydrogel-based pH sensors and microsensors. Sensors (Basel) 2008;8(1):561–81. DOI: 10.3390/s8010561</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">10. Zhang Z., He C., Chen X. Hydrogels based on pH-responsive reversible carbon–nitrogen double-bond linkages for biomedical applications. Mat Chem Front 2018;2:1765–78. DOI: 10.1039/C8QM00317C</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang Z., He C., Chen X. Hydrogels based on pH-responsive reversible carbon–nitrogen double-bond linkages for biomedical applications. Mat Chem Front 2018;2:1765–78. DOI: 10.1039/C8QM00317C</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">11. Hashim H., Maruyama H., Akita Y. et al. Hydrogel fluorescence microsensor with fluorescence recovery for prolonged stable temperature measurements. Sensors (Basel) 2019;19(23):5247. DOI: 10.3390/s19235247</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hashim H., Maruyama H., Akita Y. et al. Hydrogel fluorescence microsensor with fluorescence recovery for prolonged stable temperature measurements. Sensors (Basel) 2019;19(23):5247. DOI: 10.3390/s19235247</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">12. Jia Z., Sukker I., Müller M., Schönherr H. Selective discrimination of key enzymes of pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria on autonomously reporting shape-encoded hydrogel patterns. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018;10(6):5175–84. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b15147</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jia Z., Sukker I., Müller M., Schönherr H. Selective discrimination of key enzymes of pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria on autonomously reporting shape-encoded hydrogel patterns. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018;10(6):5175–84. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b15147</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">13. Liang Z., Zhang J., Wu C. et al. Flexible and self-healing electrochemical hydrogel sensor with high efficiency toward glucose monitoring. Biosens Bioelectron 2020;155:112105. DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112105</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liang Z., Zhang J., Wu C. et al. Flexible and self-healing electrochemical hydrogel sensor with high efficiency toward glucose monitoring. Biosens Bioelectron 2020;155:112105. DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112105</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">14. Chen Z., Chen Y., Hedenqvist M.S. et al. Multifunctional conductive hydrogels and their applications as smart wearable devices. J Mater Chem B 2021;9(11):2561–83. DOI: 10.1039/D0TB02929G</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen Z., Chen Y., Hedenqvist M.S. et al. Multifunctional conductive hydrogels and their applications as smart wearable devices. J Mater Chem B 2021;9(11):2561–83. DOI: 10.1039/D0TB02929G</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">15. Larsson A., Ekblad T., Andersson O., Liedberg B. Photografted poly(ethylene glycol) matrix for affinity interaction studies. Biomacromolecules 2007;8(1):287–95. DOI: 10.1021/bm060685g</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Larsson A., Ekblad T., Andersson O., Liedberg B. Photografted poly(ethylene glycol) matrix for affinity interaction studies. Biomacromolecules 2007;8(1):287–95. DOI: 10.1021/bm060685g</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">16. Jung I.Y., Kim J.S., Choi B.R. et al. Hydrogel based biosensors for in vitro diagnostics of biochemicals, proteins, and genes. Adv Healthc Mater 2017;6(12):1601475. DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201601475</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jung I.Y., Kim J.S., Choi B.R. et al. Hydrogel based biosensors for in vitro diagnostics of biochemicals, proteins, and genes. Adv Healthc Mater 2017;6(12):1601475. DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201601475</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">17. Gao Y., Wolf L.K., Georgiadis R.M. Secondary structure effects on DNA hybridization kinetics: A solution versus surface comparison. Nucleic Acids Res 2006;34(11):3370–7. DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkl422</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gao Y., Wolf L.K., Georgiadis R.M. Secondary structure effects on DNA hybridization kinetics: A solution versus surface comparison. Nucleic Acids Res 2006;34(11):3370–7. DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkl422</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">18. Welch N.G., Scoble J.A., Muir B.W., Pigram P.J. Orientation and characterization of immobilized antibodies for improved immunoassays (Review). Biointerphases 2017;12(2):02D301. DOI: 10.1116/1.4978435</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Welch N.G., Scoble J.A., Muir B.W., Pigram P.J. Orientation and characterization of immobilized antibodies for improved immunoassays (Review). Biointerphases 2017;12(2):02D301. DOI: 10.1116/1.4978435</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">19. Feng B., Huang S., Ge F. et al. 3D antibody immobilization on a planar matrix surface. Biosens Bioelectron 2011;28(1):91–6. DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.07.003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Feng B., Huang S., Ge F. et al. 3D antibody immobilization on a planar matrix surface. Biosens Bioelectron 2011;28(1):91–6. DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.07.003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">20. Su X., Hao D., Xu X. et al. Hydrophilic/hydrophobic heterogeneity anti-biofouling hydrogels with well-regulated rehydration. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020;12(22):25316–23. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c05406</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Su X., Hao D., Xu X. et al. Hydrophilic/hydrophobic heterogeneity anti-biofouling hydrogels with well-regulated rehydration. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020;12(22):25316–23. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c05406</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">21. Missirlis D., Baños M., Lussier F., Spatz J.P. Facile and versatile method for micropatterning poly(acrylamide) hydrogels using photocleavable comonomers. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022;14(3):3643–52. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c17901</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Missirlis D., Baños M., Lussier F., Spatz J.P. Facile and versatile method for micropatterning poly(acrylamide) hydrogels using photocleavable comonomers. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022;14(3):3643–52. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c17901</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">22. Xia Y., Xue B., Qin M. et al. Printable fluorescent hydrogels based on Self-assembling peptides. Sci Rep 2017;7(1):9691. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10162-y</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xia Y., Xue B., Qin M. et al. Printable fluorescent hydrogels based on Self-assembling peptides. Sci Rep 2017;7(1):9691. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10162-y</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">23. Kar T., Patra N. Pyrene-based fluorescent supramolecular hydrogel: Scaffold for nanoparticle synthesis. J Phys Org Chem 2019;33:e4026. DOI: 10.1002/poc.4026</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kar T., Patra N. Pyrene-based fluorescent supramolecular hydrogel: Scaffold for nanoparticle synthesis. J Phys Org Chem 2019;33:e4026. DOI: 10.1002/poc.4026</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">24. Wu Y., Jin X., Ashrafzadeh Afshar E. et al. Simple turn-off fluorescence sensor for determination of raloxifene using gold nanoparticles stabilized by chitosan hydrogel. Chemosphere 2022;305:135392. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135392</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu Y., Jin X., Ashrafzadeh Afshar E. et al. Simple turn-off fluorescence sensor for determination of raloxifene using gold nanoparticles stabilized by chitosan hydrogel. Chemosphere 2022;305:135392. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135392</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">25. Liu C., Li Q., Wang H. et al. Quantum dots-loaded self-healing gels for versatile fluorescent assembly. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022;12(3):452. DOI: 10.3390/nano12030452</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu C., Li Q., Wang H. et al. Quantum dots-loaded self-healing gels for versatile fluorescent assembly. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022;12(3):452. DOI: 10.3390/nano12030452</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">26. Pisanic T.R. 2nd, Zhang Y., Wang T.H. Quantum dots in diagnostics and detection: principles and paradigms. Analyst 2014;139(12):2968–81. DOI: 10.1039/c4an00294f</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pisanic T.R. 2nd, Zhang Y., Wang T.H. Quantum dots in diagnostics and detection: principles and paradigms. Analyst 2014;139(12):2968–81. DOI: 10.1039/c4an00294f</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">27. Linkov P.A., Vokhmintcev K.V., Samokhvalov P.S., Nabiev I.R. Ultrasmall quantum dots for fluorescent bioimaging in vivo and in vitro. Opt Spectrosc 2017;122(1):8–11. DOI: 10.1134/S0030400X17010143</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Linkov P.A., Vokhmintcev K.V., Samokhvalov P.S., Nabiev I.R. Ultrasmall quantum dots for fluorescent bioimaging in vivo and in vitro. Opt Spectrosc 2017;122(1):8–11. DOI: 10.1134/S0030400X17010143</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">28. Kandi D., Mansingh S., Behera A., ParidaK. Calculation of relative fluorescence quantum yield and Urbach energy of colloidal CdS QDs in various easily accessible solvents. J Lumin 2021;231:117792. DOI: 10.1016/j.jlumin.2020.117792</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kandi D., Mansingh S., Behera A., ParidaK. Calculation of relative fluorescence quantum yield and Urbach energy of colloidal CdS QDs in various easily accessible solvents. J Lumin 2021;231:117792. DOI: 10.1016/j.jlumin.2020.117792</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">29. Neo D.C.J., Goh W.P., Lau H.H., Shanmugam J. CuInS2 quantum dots with thick ZnSexS1-x shells for a luminescent solar concentrator. ACS Appl Nano Mater 2020;3:6489–96. DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.0c00958</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Neo D.C.J., Goh W.P., Lau H.H., Shanmugam J. CuInS2 quantum dots with thick ZnSexS1-x shells for a luminescent solar concentrator. ACS Appl Nano Mater 2020;3:6489–96. DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.0c00958</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">30. Dey S.C., Nath S.S. Size-dependent fluorescence in CdSe quantum dots. Emer Mat Res 2012;1(3):117–20. DOI: 10.1680/emr.11.00004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dey S.C., Nath S.S. Size-dependent fluorescence in CdSe quantum dots. Emer Mat Res 2012;1(3):117–20. DOI: 10.1680/emr.11.00004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">31. Montón H., Nogués C., Rossinyol E. et al. QDs versus Alexa: reality of promising tools for immunocytochemistry. J Nano-biotechnology 2009;7:4. DOI: 10.1186/1477-3155-7-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Montón H., Nogués C., Rossinyol E. et al. QDs versus Alexa: reality of promising tools for immunocytochemistry. J Nano-biotechnology 2009;7:4. DOI: 10.1186/1477-3155-7-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">32. Benson K., Ghimire A., Pattammattel A., Kumar C.V. Protein biophosphors: Biodegradable, multifunctional, protein-based hydrogel for white emission, sensing, and pH detection. Adv Funct Mater 2017;27:1702955. DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201702955</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Benson K., Ghimire A., Pattammattel A., Kumar C.V. Protein biophosphors: Biodegradable, multifunctional, protein-based hydrogel for white emission, sensing, and pH detection. Adv Funct Mater 2017;27:1702955. DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201702955</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">33. Li C.Y., Zheng S.Y., Du C. et al. Carbon dot/poly(methylacrylic acid) nanocomposite hydrogels with high toughness and strong fluorescence. ACS Appl Polym Mater 2020;2:1043–52. DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.9b00971</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li C.Y., Zheng S.Y., Du C. et al. Carbon dot/poly(methylacrylic acid) nanocomposite hydrogels with high toughness and strong fluorescence. ACS Appl Polym Mater 2020;2:1043–52. DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.9b00971</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">34. Xu J., Zhang Y., Zhu W. et al. Synthesis of Polymeric nanocomposite hydrogels containing the pendant ZnS nanoparticles: Approach to higher refractive index optical polymeric nanocomposites. Macromol 2018;51(Is.7):2672–81. DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02315</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xu J., Zhang Y., Zhu W. et al. Synthesis of Polymeric nanocomposite hydrogels containing the pendant ZnS nanoparticles: Approach to higher refractive index optical polymeric nanocomposites. Macromol 2018;51(Is.7):2672–81. DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02315</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">35. Yang T., Li Q., Wen W. et al. Cadmium sulfide quantum dots/ poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylic amide) composite hydrogel synthesized by gamma irradiation. Rad Phys Chem 2018;145:130–4. DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2017.10.012</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang T., Li Q., Wen W. et al. Cadmium sulfide quantum dots/ poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylic amide) composite hydrogel synthesized by gamma irradiation. Rad Phys Chem 2018;145:130–4. DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2017.10.012</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">36. Zhang H., Wang X., Liao Q. et al. Embedding perovskite nanocrystals into a polymer matrix for tunable luminescence probes in cell imaging. Advan Func Mat 2017;27(7):1604382. DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201604382</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang H., Wang X., Liao Q. et al. Embedding perovskite nanocrystals into a polymer matrix for tunable luminescence probes in cell imaging. Advan Func Mat 2017;27(7):1604382. DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201604382</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">37. Gaponik N., Wolf A., Marx R. et al. Three-dimensional self-assembly of thiol-capped CdTe nanocrystals: Gels and aerogels as building blocks for nanotechnology. Advan Mat 2008;20(Is.22):4257–62. DOI: 10.1002/adma.200702986</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gaponik N., Wolf A., Marx R. et al. Three-dimensional self-assembly of thiol-capped CdTe nanocrystals: Gels and aerogels as building blocks for nanotechnology. Advan Mat 2008;20(Is.22):4257–62. DOI: 10.1002/adma.200702986</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">38. Hörner M., Becker J., Bohnert R. et al. A photoreceptor-based hydrogel with red light-responsive reversible sol-gel transition as transient cellular matrix. Adv Mat Tech n/a:2300195. DOI: 10.1002/admt.202300195</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hörner M., Becker J., Bohnert R. et al. A photoreceptor-based hydrogel with red light-responsive reversible sol-gel transition as transient cellular matrix. Adv Mat Tech n/a:2300195. DOI: 10.1002/admt.202300195</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">39. Bhattacharya S., Nandi S., Jelinek R. Carbon-dot–hydrogel for enzyme-mediated bacterial detection. RSC Advances 2017;7:588–94. DOI: 10.1039/C6RA25148J</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bhattacharya S., Nandi S., Jelinek R. Carbon-dot–hydrogel for enzyme-mediated bacterial detection. RSC Advances 2017;7:588–94. DOI: 10.1039/C6RA25148J</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">40. Lee T., Teng T.Z.J., Shelat V.G. Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 – tumor marker: Past, present, and future. World J Gastrointest Surg 2020;12(12):468–90. DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v12.i12.468</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee T., Teng T.Z.J., Shelat V.G. Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 – tumor marker: Past, present, and future. World J Gastrointest Surg 2020;12(12):468–90. DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v12.i12.468</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">41. Piloto A.M.L., Ribeiro D.S.M., Rodrigues S.S.M. et al. Cellulose-based hydrogel on quantum dots with molecularly imprinted polymers for the detection of CA19-9 protein cancer biomarker. Mikrochim Acta 2022;189(4):134. DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05230-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Piloto A.M.L., Ribeiro D.S.M., Rodrigues S.S.M. et al. Cellulose-based hydrogel on quantum dots with molecularly imprinted polymers for the detection of CA19-9 protein cancer biomarker. Mikrochim Acta 2022;189(4):134. DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05230-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">42. Ahmadi-Sangachin E., Mohammadnejad J., Hosseini M. Fluorescence Self-assembled DNA hydrogel for the determination of prostate specific antigen by aggregation induced emission. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2023:303:123234. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4313053</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ahmadi-Sangachin E., Mohammadnejad J., Hosseini M. Fluorescence Self-assembled DNA hydrogel for the determination of prostate specific antigen by aggregation induced emission. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2023:303:123234. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4313053</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B43"><label>43.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">43. Bautista-Sánchez D., Arriaga-Canon C., Pedroza-Torres A. et al. The promising role of miR-21 as a cancer biomarker and its importance in RNA-based therapeutics. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2020;20:409–20. DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.03.003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bautista-Sánchez D., Arriaga-Canon C., Pedroza-Torres A. et al. The promising role of miR-21 as a cancer biomarker and its importance in RNA-based therapeutics. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2020;20:409–20. DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.03.003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B44"><label>44.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">44. Mohammadi S., Mohammadi S., Salimi A. A 3D hydrogel based on chitosan and carbon dots for sensitive fluorescence detection of microRNA-21 in breast cancer cells. Talanta 2021;224:121895. DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121895</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mohammadi S., Mohammadi S., Salimi A. A 3D hydrogel based on chitosan and carbon dots for sensitive fluorescence detection of microRNA-21 in breast cancer cells. Talanta 2021;224:121895. DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121895</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B45"><label>45.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">45. Gao Y., Feng B., Han S. et al. The roles of microRNA-141 in human cancers: From diagnosis to treatment. Cell Physiol Biochem 2016;38(2):427–48. DOI: 10.1159/000438641</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gao Y., Feng B., Han S. et al. The roles of microRNA-141 in human cancers: From diagnosis to treatment. Cell Physiol Biochem 2016;38(2):427–48. DOI: 10.1159/000438641</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B46"><label>46.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">46. Li C., Li H., Ge J., Jie G. Versatile fluorescence detection of microRNA based on novel DNA hydrogel-amplified signal probes coupled with DNA walker amplification. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019;55(27):3919–22. DOI: 10.1039/C9CC00565J</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li C., Li H., Ge J., Jie G. Versatile fluorescence detection of microRNA based on novel DNA hydrogel-amplified signal probes coupled with DNA walker amplification. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019;55(27):3919–22. DOI: 10.1039/C9CC00565J</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B47"><label>47.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">47. Gong X., Zhou W., Chai Y. et al. MicroRNA-induced cascaded and catalytic self-assembly of DNA nanostructures for enzyme-free and sensitive fluorescence detection of microRNA from tumor cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016;52(12):2501–4. DOI: 10.1039/C5CC08861E</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gong X., Zhou W., Chai Y. et al. MicroRNA-induced cascaded and catalytic self-assembly of DNA nanostructures for enzyme-free and sensitive fluorescence detection of microRNA from tumor cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016;52(12):2501–4. DOI: 10.1039/C5CC08861E</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B48"><label>48.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">48. Zhang G., Zhou S., Yan G. et al. Quantum dot-crosslinked light-guiding hydrogels for sensing folate receptor-overexpressed cancer cells. Sens Actuators B Chem 2021;349:130815. DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2021.130815</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang G., Zhou S., Yan G. et al. Quantum dot-crosslinked light-guiding hydrogels for sensing folate receptor-overexpressed cancer cells. Sens Actuators B Chem 2021;349:130815. DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2021.130815</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B49"><label>49.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">49. Bolli A., Galluzzo P., Ascenzi P. et al. Laccase treatment impairs bisphenol A-induced cancer cell proliferation affecting estrogen receptor alpha-dependent rapid signals. IUBMB life 2008;60(12):843–52. DOI: 10.1002/iub.130</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bolli A., Galluzzo P., Ascenzi P. et al. Laccase treatment impairs bisphenol A-induced cancer cell proliferation affecting estrogen receptor alpha-dependent rapid signals. IUBMB life 2008;60(12):843–52. DOI: 10.1002/iub.130</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B50"><label>50.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">50. Ruiz-Palomero C., Benítez-Martínez S., Soriano M.L., Valcárcel M. Fluorescent nanocellulosic hydrogels based on graphene quantum dots for sensing laccase. Anal Chim Acta 2017;974:93–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.04.018</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ruiz-Palomero C., Benítez-Martínez S., Soriano M.L., Valcárcel M. Fluorescent nanocellulosic hydrogels based on graphene quantum dots for sensing laccase. Anal Chim Acta 2017;974:93–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.04.018</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B51"><label>51.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">51. Tse R.T.-H., Wong C.Y.-P., Chiu P.K.-F., Ng C.F. The potential role of spermine and its acetylated derivative in human malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2022;23(3):1258. DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031258</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tse R.T.-H., Wong C.Y.-P., Chiu P.K.-F., Ng C.F. The potential role of spermine and its acetylated derivative in human malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2022;23(3):1258. DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031258</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B52"><label>52.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">52. Nair R.R., Debnath S., Das S. et al. A highly selective turn-on biosensor for measuring spermine/spermidine in human urine and blood. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2019;2(6):2374–87. DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00084</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nair R.R., Debnath S., Das S. et al. A highly selective turn-on biosensor for measuring spermine/spermidine in human urine and blood. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2019;2(6):2374–87. DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00084</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B53"><label>53.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">53. Traverso N., Ricciarelli R., Nitti M. et al. Role of glutathione in cancer progression and chemoresistance. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2013;2013:972913. DOI: 10.1155/2013/972913</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Traverso N., Ricciarelli R., Nitti M. et al. Role of glutathione in cancer progression and chemoresistance. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2013;2013:972913. DOI: 10.1155/2013/972913</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B54"><label>54.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">54. Wu R., Ge H., Liu C. et al. A novel thermometer-type hydrogel senor for glutathione detection. Talanta 2019;196:191–6. DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.12.020</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu R., Ge H., Liu C. et al. A novel thermometer-type hydrogel senor for glutathione detection. Talanta 2019;196:191–6. DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.12.020</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B55"><label>55.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">55. Grant C.E., Flis A.L., Ryan B.M. Understanding the role of dopamine in cancer: Past, present and future. Carcinogenesis 2022;43(6):517–27. DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgac045</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grant C.E., Flis A.L., Ryan B.M. Understanding the role of dopamine in cancer: Past, present and future. Carcinogenesis 2022;43(6):517–27. DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgac045</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B56"><label>56.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">56. Yuan J., Wen D., Gaponik N., Eychmüller A. Enzyme-encapsulating quantum dot hydrogels and xerogels as biosensors: Multifunctional platforms for both biocatalysis and fluorescent probing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013;52(3):976–9. DOI: 10.1002/anie.201205791</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yuan J., Wen D., Gaponik N., Eychmüller A. Enzyme-encapsulating quantum dot hydrogels and xerogels as biosensors: Multifunctional platforms for both biocatalysis and fluorescent probing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013;52(3):976–9. DOI: 10.1002/anie.201205791</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B57"><label>57.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">57. Fini M.A., Elias A., Johnson R.J., Wright R.M. Contribution of uric acid to cancer risk, recurrence, and mortality. Clin Transl Med 2012;1(1):16. DOI: 10.1186/2001-1326-1-16</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fini M.A., Elias A., Johnson R.J., Wright R.M. Contribution of uric acid to cancer risk, recurrence, and mortality. Clin Transl Med 2012;1(1):16. DOI: 10.1186/2001-1326-1-16</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B58"><label>58.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">58. Azmi N.E., Rashid A.H.A., Abdullah J. et al. Fluorescence biosensor based on encapsulated quantum dots/enzymes/sol-gel for non-invasive detection of uric acid. J Luminescence 2018;202:309–15. DOI: 10.1016/j.jlumin.2018.05.075</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Azmi N.E., Rashid A.H.A., Abdullah J. et al. Fluorescence biosensor based on encapsulated quantum dots/enzymes/sol-gel for non-invasive detection of uric acid. J Luminescence 2018;202:309–15. DOI: 10.1016/j.jlumin.2018.05.075</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B59"><label>59.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">59. Wang M., Zhu J., Lubman D.M., Gao C. Aberrant glycosylation and cancer biomarker discovery: a promising and thorny journey. Clin Chem Lab Med 2019;57(4):407–16. DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2018-0379</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang M., Zhu J., Lubman D.M., Gao C. Aberrant glycosylation and cancer biomarker discovery: a promising and thorny journey. Clin Chem Lab Med 2019;57(4):407–16. DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2018-0379</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B60"><label>60.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">60. Koshi Y., Nakata E., Yamane H., Hamachi I. A fluorescent lectin array using supramolecular hydrogel for simple detection and pattern profiling for various glycoconjugates. J Am Chem Soc 2006;128(32):10413–22. DOI: 10.1021/ja0613963</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Koshi Y., Nakata E., Yamane H., Hamachi I. A fluorescent lectin array using supramolecular hydrogel for simple detection and pattern profiling for various glycoconjugates. J Am Chem Soc 2006;128(32):10413–22. DOI: 10.1021/ja0613963</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list></back></article>
