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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Biotherapy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Biotherapy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский биотерапевтический журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-9784</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1726-9792</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1407</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1726-9784-2023-22-3-64-74</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORTS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Study of biocompatibility and antitumor cytotoxic activity <italic>in vitro</italic> of Zn – 1 %Mg and Zn – 1 %Mg – 0.1 %Ca alloys strengthened by equal angular pressing</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Исследование биосовместимости и противоопухолевой цитотоксической активности <italic>in vitro</italic> упрочненных равноканальным угловым прессованием сплавов Zn – 1 %Mg и Zn – 1 %Mg – 0,1 %Ca</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1662-1904</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Martynenko</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мартыненко</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>49 Leninskiy Prospect, Moscow 119334</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119334 Москва, Ленинский пр-т, 49</p></bio><email>nataliasmartynenko@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4370-6578</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Anisimova</surname><given-names>N. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Анисимова</surname><given-names>Н. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>49 Leninskiy Prospect, Moscow 119334</p><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p><p>4 Leninskiy Prospect, Moscow 119049</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119334 Москва, Ленинский пр-т, 49</p><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p><p>119049 Москва, Ленинский пр-т, 4</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0403-0800</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rybalchenko</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыбальченко</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>49 Leninskiy Prospect, Moscow 119334</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119334 Москва, Ленинский пр-т, 49</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8208-9111</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shinkareva</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шинкарева</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>4 Leninskiy Prospect, Moscow 119049</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119049 Москва, Ленинский пр-т, 4</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8392-7826</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Temralieva</surname><given-names>D. R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Темралиева</surname><given-names>Д. Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>49 Leninskiy Prospect, Moscow 119334</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119334 Москва, Ленинский пр-т, 49</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0773-255X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Novruzov</surname><given-names>K. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новрузов</surname><given-names>К. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1993-413X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Raab</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рааб</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>32 Zaki Validi St., Ufa 450076</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>450076 Уфа, ул. Заки Валиди, 32</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7122-6427</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lukyanova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лукьянова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>49 Leninskiy Prospect, Moscow 119334</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119334 Москва, Ленинский пр-т, 49</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3903-8773</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kornyushenkov</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корнюшенков</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9943-3054</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Filonenko</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филоненко</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>86 Entuziastov Shosse, Moscow 111123</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>111123 Москва, шоссе Энтузиастов, 86</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3778-303X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mitrushkin</surname><given-names>D. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Митрушкин</surname><given-names>Д. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4232-927X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dobatkin</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Добаткин</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>49 Leninskiy Prospect, Moscow 119334</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119334 Москва, Ленинский пр-т, 49</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУН «Институт металлургии и материаловедения им. А. А. Байкова РАН»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н. Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National University of Science and Technology “MISIS”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Национальный исследовательский технологический университет «МИСИС»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ufa University of Science and Technology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Уфимский университет науки и технологий»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">General Oncology Department of the A. S. Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center, Moscow Healthcare Department</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">отдел общей онкологии ГБУЗ «Московский клинический научный центр им. А. С. Логинова Департамента&#13;
здравоохранения города Москвы»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-10-18" publication-format="electronic"><day>18</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>64</fpage><lpage>74</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-10-18"><day>18</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-10-18"><day>18</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://bioterapevt.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/1407">https://bioterapevt.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/1407</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> The biological activity of potential biodegradable zinc-based alloys that are promising for oncoorthopedics was studied in this work. The alloys were processed by equal-channel angular pressing, which made it possible to increase their strength due to microstructure refinement and the ability to provide the functionality of osteosynthesis, fixed due to the metal structure developed on their basis.</p><p><bold>Aim</bold>. Investigation of effect of equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) treatment on strength, ductility, degradation rate, biocompatibility in vitro and cytotoxicity against SKOV-3 tumor cells of the Zn – 1 %Mg and Zn – 1 %Mg – 0.1 %Ca alloys.</p><p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> The Zn – 1 %Mg and Zn – 1 %Mg – 0.1 %Ca alloys in the initial state and after ECAP were used as objects of study, and blood cells of CBA mice were used as model systems. To assess the hemolytic activity, the samples were incubated with red blood cells for 4 and 24 hours at 37 °C, assessing the relative increase in the level of extracellular hemoglobin compared to the intact control. The cytotoxicity of the alloys was assessed by the change in the level of extracellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity after 24 hours of incubation with mononuclear white blood cells. The study of antitumor cytotoxic activity was carried out on human ovarian cancer cells of the SKOV-3 line in vitro, assessing their survival after 48 hours of incubation with alloy samples using the LDH test.</p><p><bold>Results</bold>. As a result of the studies, it was concluded that the studied alloys after ECAP treatment retained their biocompatibility, since there were no signs of hemolysis and cytotoxicity with respect to blood cells. However, contact with samples of all studied alloys in vitro induced a significant inhibition of the metabolic activity of the ovarian cancer cell culture in comparison with the control. Incubation with alloys samples leads to a decrease in cellular activity by an average of 49 % and 59 % for Zn – 1 %Mg and Zn – 1 %Mg – 0.1 %Ca alloys, respectively. The addition of calcium to the composition of the alloy Zn – 1 %Mg contributed to the growth of antitumor cytotoxic activity.</p><p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> Thus, based on the results of assessing the hemolytic activity and cytotoxicity of the samples, we can conclude that the studied alloys are biocompatible. It was also found that Zn – 1 %Mg and Zn – 1 %Mg – 0.1 %Ca alloys had a pronounced cytotoxic effect on SKOV-3 tumor cells. The obtained data indicate the prospects for the development of a new type of medical devices based on the studied alloys, promising, in particular, for oncoorthopedics: a metal structure developed on their basis can ensure the strength of osteosynthesis, reduce the risk of local recurrence of oncological disease and does not require a second operation to remove the device.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение</bold>. Исследована биологическая активность биодеградируемых сплавов на основе цинка, перспективных для онкоортопедии. Сплавы были обработаны методом равноканального углового прессования, что позволило повысить их прочность за счет измельчения микроструктуры и способность обеспечить функциональность остеосинтеза, фиксированного за счет разрабатываемой на их основе металлоконструкции.</p><p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – изучить влияние обработки методом равноканального углового прессования на прочность, пластичность, скорость деградации, биосовместимость <italic>in vitro</italic> и цитотоксичность относительно опухолевых клеток линии SKOV-3 сплавов Zn – 1 %Mg и Zn – 1 %Mg – 0,1 %Ca.</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> В качестве объектов исследования были использованы сплавы Zn – 1 %Mg и Zn – 1 %Mg – 0,1 %Ca в исходном состоянии и после равноканального углового прессования, а в качестве модельных систем – клетки крови мышей линии CBA. Для оценки гемолитической активности образцы инкубировали с эритроцитами в течение 4 и 24 ч при 37 °С, оценивая относительное увеличение уровня внеклеточного гемоглобина в сравнении с интактным контролем. Цитотоксичность сплавов оценивали по изменению уровня активности внеклеточной лактатдегидрогеназы после 24 ч инкубации с мононуклеарными лейкоцитами. Исследование противоопухолевой цитотоксической активности производили на клетках рака яичников человека линии SKOV-3 <italic>in vitro</italic>, оценивая их выживаемость через 48 ч инкубации с образцами сплавов в тесте лактатдегидрогеназы.</p><p><bold>Результаты.</bold> В результате проведенных исследований был сделан вывод о том, что исследуемые сплавы после обработки равноканальным угловым прессованием сохранили биосовместимость, поскольку не было выявлено признаков гемолиза и цитотоксичности относительно клеток крови. Однако контакт с образцами всех изученных сплавов <italic>in vitro</italic> индуцировал достоверное угнетение метаболической активности культуры клеток рака яичников в сравнении с контролем. Инкубация с образцами приводит к снижению клеточной активности в среднем на 49 и 59 % для сплавов Zn – 1 %Mg и Zn – 1 %Mg – 0,1 %Ca, соответственно. Добавка в состав сплава Zn – 1 %Mg кальция способствовала росту противоопухолевой цитотоксической активности.</p><p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Таким образом, основываясь на результатах оценки гемолитической активности и цитотоксичности образцов, можно сделать вывод о биосовместимости изученных сплавов. Выявлено, что сплавы Zn – 1 %Mg и Zn – 1 %Mg – 0,1 %Ca обладали выраженным цитотоксическим воздействием относительно опухолевых клеток линии SKOV-3. Полученные данные указывают на перспективность разработки на основе изучаемых сплавов медицинских изделий нового типа, перспективных, в частности, для онкоортопедии: разработанная на их основе металлоконструкция может обеспечить прочность остеосинтеза, снизить риск локального рецидива онкологического заболевания и не требует повторной операции для удаления.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>zinc alloys</kwd><kwd>equal channel angular pressing</kwd><kwd>implant</kwd><kwd>biodegradation</kwd><kwd>biocompatibility</kwd><kwd>cytotoxicity</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>цинковые сплавы, равноканальное угловое прессование, имплантат, биодеградация, биосовместимость, цитотоксичность</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (Grant No 22-13-00024).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Российского научного фонда (грант № 22-13-00024).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1. 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