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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Biotherapy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Biotherapy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский биотерапевтический журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-9784</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1726-9792</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1389</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1726-9784-2023-22-2-41-52</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORTS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Quantitative ratio of mRNA expression of IGF/INS system receptors in multiple myeloma</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Количественное соотношение экспрессии мРНК генов рецепторов системы IGF / INS при множественной миеломе</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2273-3024</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shushanov</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шушанов</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><email>sainHershy@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7271-1560</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernykh</surname><given-names>Yu. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черных</surname><given-names>Ю. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>61 / 2 Shchepkin St., Moscow 129110</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>129110 Москва, ул. Щепкина, 61 / 2</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7545-5876</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharova</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захарова</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9126-3070</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Akentieva</surname><given-names>N. P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акентьева</surname><given-names>Н. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Academika Semenova Ave., Chernogolovka, Moscow region 142432</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Московская обл., Черноголовка, пр-кт Академика Семенова, 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н. Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">M. F. Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ МО «Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт им. М. Ф. Владимирского»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУН Федеральный исследовательский центр проблем химической физики и медицинской химии РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-07-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>41</fpage><lpage>52</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-07-15"><day>15</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-07-15"><day>15</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://bioterapevt.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/1389">https://bioterapevt.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/1389</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background. </bold>Individuals with increased expression of components of the IGF/INS system, are more likely to develop various malignancies. And in the case when the components of the IGF/INS system are overexpressed in tumors, this adversely affects the prognosis of the disease, including leading to a decrease in relapse-free survival. A characteristic feature of the IGF/INS system is the ability of the same ligands to bind to different receptors and vice versa (cross interactions) and activate different signaling pathways in the cell. This feature of the system requires an integrated approach to the study of the expression of its components, namely, the study of the quantitative ratio of the expression of individual components. The result obtained will make it possible to determine possible combinations of ligand-receptor bonds and, ultimately, will have both prognostic and evaluative value: in terms of a therapeutic target.</p><p><bold>Aim. </bold>To establish the quantitative ratio of mRNA expression of the IGF/INS system receptors: <italic>IR-A, IR-B, IGF-1R, </italic>and <italic>IGF-2R </italic>in the IM9 lymphoblastoid cell line and in three myeloma cell lines: RPMI1640, RPMI8226, H929, and to<italic> </italic>identify frequency of expression of these receptors in the mononuclear fraction of bone marrow aspirates obtained<italic> </italic>from treated patients with multiple myeloma.</p><p><bold>Materials and methods. </bold>We used human lymphoblastoid cells and 3 types of human myeloma cells, differing in the degree of differentiation and, as well as bone marrow aspirates obtained from 19 treated patients with stage III multiple myeloma. Expression of mRNA in cells was studied by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and in bone marrow aspirate samples by semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.</p><p><bold>Results. </bold>During the study, we found that within each cell line, the receptor <italic>IR-A </italic>is predominant compared to the receptor <italic>IR-B</italic>. Patients with MM have a high frequency of <italic>IR-A </italic>expression compared to <italic>IR-B</italic>. The minimum ratio of <italic>IGF-1R:IR-A </italic>and <italic>IGF-1R:IR-B </italic>mRNA is in IM9 lymphoblastoid cells, and for myeloma cells these ratios are high. The ratio of <italic>IGF-2R:IR-A </italic>is maximum for IM9 lymphoblastoid cells, and for myeloma cells this ratio is three or more times less.</p><p><bold>Conclusion. </bold>Based on the study of the quantitative ratio of receptor mRNA, we state that in myeloma cells there is a high probability of the presence of IGF-1R/IGF-1R and IR-A/IR-A homodimers, and an IGF-1R/IR-A heterodimer. These data have both prognostic and evaluative value, since these combinations of receptors suggest a significant increase in the mitogenic effect due to activation by three ligands: IGF-1, IGF-2 and INS, which is an unfavorable factor, especially when a patient with multiple myeloma with concomitant Diabetes mellitus was prescribed insulin therapy along with chemotherapy. Based on our findings, we recommend simultaneously inhibiting both the IGF-1R receptor and the IR-A receptor as a therapeutic target.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение. </bold>Индивидуумы с повышенной экспрессией компонентов системы IGF/INS чаще подвержены риску возникновения различных злокачественных новообразований. А в случае, когда компоненты системы IGF/INS гиперэкспрессированы в опухолях, это неблагоприятно влияет на прогноз заболевания, в том числе ведет к снижению безрецидивной выживаемости. Характерной особенностью системы IGF/INS является способность одних и тех же лигандов связываться с разными рецепторами (перекрестные взаимодействия) и активировать разные сигнальные пути в клетке. Эта особенность системы требует комплексного подхода к изучению экспрессии ее компонентов, а именно – исследования количественного соотношения экспрессии отдельных компонентов. Полученный результат позволит определить возможные сочетания лиганд-рецепторных связей и в конечном счете будет иметь как прогностическое, так и оценочное значение в плане терапевтической мишени.</p><p><bold>Цель исследования </bold>– установить количественное соотношение экспрессии мРНК генов рецепторов системы IGF/INS: I<italic>R-A, IR-B, IGF-1R </italic>и <italic>IGF-2R </italic>в линии лимфобластоидных клеток IM9 и в трех линиях миеломных клеток – RPMI1640, RPMI8226, H929, а также выявить частоту экспрессии генов этих рецепторов в мононуклеарной фракции аспиратов костного мозга, полученных от леченых больных множественной миеломой.</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы. </bold>В работе были использованы лимфобластоидные клетки человека и 3 типа миеломных клеток человека, отличающиеся по степени дифференцировки, а также аспираты костного мозга, полученные от 19 леченых больных множественной миеломой III стадии. Экспрессию мРНК в клетках изучали методом количественной полимеразной цепной реакции с обратной транскрипцией в реальном времени, а в образцах аспиратов костного мозга – методом полуколичественной полимеразной цепной реакции с обратной транскрипцией.</p><p><bold>Результаты. </bold>В ходе исследования мы обнаружили, что внутри каждой линии клеток экспрессия мРНК <italic>IR-A </italic>является преобладающей по сравнению с экспрессией мРНК <italic>IR-B. </italic>У больных множественной миеломой наблюдается высокая частота экспрессии мРНК <italic>IR-A </italic>по сравнению с мРНК <italic>IR-B</italic>. Минимальное соотношение мРНК<italic> IGF-1R</italic>:<italic>IR-А </italic>и <italic>IGF-1R:IR-B </italic>приходится на лимфобластоидные клетки IM9, а для миеломных клеток эти соотношения высокие. Соотношение <italic>IGF-2R:IR-A </italic>максимально для лимфобластоидных клеток IM9, а для миеломных<italic> </italic>клеток это соотношение в 3 и более раза меньше.</p><p><bold>Заключение. </bold>На основании исследования количественного соотношения мРНК генов рецепторов мы утверждаем, что в миеломных клетках высока вероятнось присутствия гомодимеров IGF-1R / IGF-1R и IR-A/IR-A и гетеродимера IGF-1R/IR-A. Эти данные имеют как прогностичекое, так и оценочное значение, поскольку указанные комбинации рецепторов предполагают существенное усиление митогенного эффекта за счет активации тремя лигандами – IGF-1, IGF-2 и INS, что является неблагоприятным фактором, особенно в том случае, когда больному множественной миеломой с сопутствующим сахарным диабетом наряду с химиотерапией назначена инсулинотерапия. На основании полученных данных в качестве терапевтической мишени мы рекомендуем ингибировать одновременно и рецептор IGF-1R, и рецептор IR-A.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>insulin-like growth factors</kwd><kwd>insulin</kwd><kwd>multiple myeloma</kwd><kwd>mRNA expression</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>инсулиноподобные факторы роста</kwd><kwd>инсулин</kwd><kwd>множественная миелома</kwd><kwd>экспрессия мРНК</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out with financial support within the framework of the state assignment (state registration number AAAA-A19-119071890015-6 and state registration number 2023-0015).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке в рамках государственного задания (№ госрегистрации АААА-А19-119071890015-6 и № госрегистрации 2023-0015).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Fettig L.M., Yee D. 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