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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Biotherapy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Biotherapy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский биотерапевтический журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-9784</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1726-9792</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1385</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1726-9784-2023-22-2-10-19</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Immunological aspects of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for hematologic malignancies and some immunological peculiarities of cancer radioimmunotherapy</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Иммунологические аспекты трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток при опухолях гемопоэтической ткани и некоторые особенности радиоиммунотерапии онкологических заболеваний</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3244-7774</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shirin</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ширин</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anton Dmitrievich Shirin</p><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Антон Дмитриевич Ширин</p><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><email>shirin-anton@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0202-8176</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Baranova</surname><given-names>O. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баранова</surname><given-names>О. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2821-3425</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Reshetnikova</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Решетникова</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н. Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-07-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>10</fpage><lpage>19</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-07-14"><day>14</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-07-14"><day>14</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://bioterapevt.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/1385">https://bioterapevt.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/1385</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This literature review provides basic information about the role of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes, acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The recommendations for the use of stem cell transplantation are indicated. Conditioning regimens (myeloablative, non-myeloablative, reduced intensity), their advantages and disadvantages are considered. The issues of prevention and treatment of graft-<italic>versus</italic>-host disease, including graft preparation (T-cell depletion), extracorporeal photopheresis and mechanisms of graft-<italic>versus</italic>-tumor (-leukemia) reaction are highlighted. The historical milestones of theimmunotherapy development, the creation of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, the development of targeted therapy, for example, conjugates of monoclonal antibodies with cytostatic drugs and radionuclides (targeted radionuclide therapy) are reported. Information about radioimmunotherapy as a method used for treatment of solid tumors and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and information on the use of mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment and prevention of the graft-<italic>versus</italic>-host reaction are presented.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В настоящем обзоре литературы приведены основные сведения о роли трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток в лечении миелодиспластических синдромов, острых миелоидных лейкозов и острых лимфобластных лейкозов; указаны рекомендации по применению трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток. Рассмотрены режимы кондиционирования (миелоаблативной, немиелоаблативной, сниженной интенсивности), их достоинства и недостатки, а также освещены вопросы профилактики и лечения реакции «трансплантат против хозяина», включая подготовку трансплантата (деплецию Т-клеток), экстракорпоральный фотоферез и механизмы реакции «трансплантат против опухоли (лейкоза)». Отражены исторические вехи развития иммунотерапии, создания терапевтических моноклональных антител, разработки таргетной терапии, например конъюгатов моноклональных антител с цитостастиками и радионуклидами (таргетная радионуклидная терапия). Представлена информация о радиоиммунотерапии как методе, применяемом для лечения солидных опухолей и неходжкинских лимфом, а также об использовании мезенхимальных стволовых клеток для лечения и профилактики реакции «трансплантат против хозяина».</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>oncology</kwd><kwd>stem cell transplantation</kwd><kwd>conditioning regimens</kwd><kwd>graft-versus-host</kwd><kwd>monoclonal antibodies</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>онкология</kwd><kwd>трансплантация стволовых клеток</kwd><kwd>режимы кондиционирования</kwd><kwd>трансплантат против хозяина</kwd><kwd>моноклональные антитела</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Valiev T.T., Shervashidze M.A., Osipova I.V. et al. Protocol ALLIC BFM 2002: outcomes of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment under multi-center clinical trial. 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