Russian Journal of BiotherapyRussian Journal of BiotherapyРоссийский биотерапевтический журнал1726-97841726-9792Publishing House ABV Press137010.17650/1726-9784-2023-22-1-19-27REVIEWSОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫTumor microenvironment biomarkers in breast cancerБиомаркеры опухолевого микроокружения при раке молочной железыhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5321-3753SokolovP. M.СоколовП. М.
Russian Federation

31 Kashirskoe Shosse, 115409 Moscow, Russia

Россия, 115409 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 31

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1930-5424KaraulovA. V.КарауловА. В.
Russian Federation

Bld. 2, 8 Trubetskaya St., 119146 Moscow, Russia

Россия, 119992 Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2796-7898SukhanovaA. V.СухановаА. В.
France

51 rue Cognacq Jay, 51100 Reims, France

Франция, 51100 Реймс, ул. Когнак Жэ, 51

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8391-040XNabievI. R.НабиевИ. Р.
Russian Federation

Igor Rufailovich Nabiev

Bld. 2, 8 Trubetskaya St., 119146 Moscow, Russia

51 rue Cognacq Jay, 51100 Reims, France

 

Игорь Руфаилович Набиев

Россия, 119992 Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2

Франция, 51100 Реймс, ул. Когнак Жэ, 51

igor.nabiev@gmail.comNational Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute)ФГАОУ ВО «Национальный исследовательский ядерный университет «МИФИ»Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University)ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)Université de Reims Champagne-ArdenneУниверситет Реймса Шампань-Арденн1804202322119272808202217042023https://bioterapevt.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/1370

Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women. The tumor structure in breast cancer is characterized not only by morphological heterogeneity of tumor cells, but also by a high degree of heterogeneity of tumor microenvironment, which contains immune cells, cell matrix elements, and other components that may have procarcinogenic or anticarcinogenic effects. Therefore, personalized approaches to selecting the most effective breast cancer treatment protocols cannot be used without comprehensive analysis of the target cancer markers and cellular microenvironment biomarkers.

This review is aimed at systematizing the data on tumor microenvironment biomarkers and evaluating the prognostic value of the analysis of tumor microenvironment biomarkers in breast cancer.

Biomarkers of the tumor microenvironment are important prognostic factors. Molecular genetic analysis of the profile of these biomarkers, as well as immunohistochemical studies of the mutual arrangement of tumor cells and tumor microenvironment can be used for high-accuracy cancer diagnosis and for the selection of effective personalized therapy in breast cancer. This comprehensive research is necessary because of the plasticity of tumor microenvironment cells, which can either support tumor growth, block immune response, and provide resistance to drugs, or exhibit antitumor activity.

The key elements of the tumor microenvironment in breast cancer have been analyzed, and examples of interaction between tumor cells and the microenvironment, as well as data on the prognostic and diagnostic values of tumor microenvironment biomarkers, have been summarized. The tumor microenvironment has been shown to affect the formation of drug resistance and the efficiencies of various breast cancer therapies.

Рак молочной железы является наиболее частой нозологией в структуре женской онкологической заболеваемости. Опухолевая структура при раке молочной железы характеризуется не только морфологической гетерогенностью опухолевых клеток, но и высокой степенью гетерогенности опухолевого микроокружения, включающего клетки иммунной системы, элементы клеточного матрикса и другие компоненты, которые могут оказывать проонкогенное и противоонкогенное действие. Таким образом, применение персонализированных подходов для выбора наиболее эффективных протоколов терапии рака молочной железы невозможно без комплексного исследования целевых онкомаркеров и биомаркеров клеточного микроокружения.

Цель работы – систематизировать данные о биомаркерах опухолевого микроокружения и провести оценку прогностической ценности исследования биомаркеров опухолевого микроокружения при раке молочной железы. Биомаркеры опухолевого микроокружения являются важным прогностическим фактором. Молекулярно-генетический анализ профиля таких биомаркеров, а также иммуногистохимические исследования взаимного расположения клеток опухоли и опухолевого микроокружения могут использоваться для высокоточной онкодиагностики и для подбора эффективной персонализированной терапии при раке молочной железы. Необходимость такого широкого комплексного исследования определяется пластичностью клеток микроокружения опухоли, которые могут как поддерживать опухолевый рост, блокировать иммунный ответ и обеспечивать резистентность к лекарственным препаратам, так и проявлять противоопухолевую активность.

В настоящем обзоре проанализированы ключевые элементы микроокружения опухоли, встречающиеся при раке молочной железы, примеры взаимодействия опухолевых клеток с микроокружением, данные прогностической и диагностической ценности биомаркеров микроокружения опухоли. Показано, что микроокружение опухоли влияет на образование лекарственной устойчивости и эффективность различных методов терапии рака молочной железы.

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