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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Biotherapy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Biotherapy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский биотерапевтический журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-9784</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1726-9792</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1328</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1726-9784-2022-21-2-56-66</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORTS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">HLA-monomorphic determinants of the primary tumor in breast cancer patients</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>HLA-мономорфные детерминанты первичной опухоли у больных раком молочной железы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4412-5019</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chulkova</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чулкова</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana Vasilievna Chulkova</p><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, 115478 Moscow1a Ostrovityanova St., 117997 Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Светлана Васильевна Чулкова</p><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24117997 Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1а</p></bio><email>chulkova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1456-1904</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sholokhova</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шолохова</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena N. Sholokhova</p><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, 115478 Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0995-1801</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Poddubnaya</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поддубная</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina V. Poddubnaya</p><p>Bld. 1, 2 / 1 Barrikadnaya St., 125993 Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125993 Москва, ул. Баррикадная, 2 / 1, стр. 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0493-1166</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stylidi</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стилиди</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan S. Stylidi</p><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, 115478 Moscow1a Ostrovityanova St., 117997 Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24117997 Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1а</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3966-128X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tupitsyn</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тупицын</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolay N. Tupitsyn</p><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, 115478 Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н. Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГAOУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н. И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-07-26" publication-format="electronic"><day>26</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>56</fpage><lpage>66</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-07-26"><day>26</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-07-26"><day>26</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://bioterapevt.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/1328">https://bioterapevt.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/1328</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background</bold>. Molecules of the major histocompatibility complex in cancer are currently being widely studied, and their clinical significance is still the subject of controversy. It is reported that they might have an important predictive value in the effectiveness of immunotherapy. The study of the expression HLA molecules status in breast cancer provides a deeper understanding of the biological properties of the tumor, in particular to identify the features of its immunological phenotype, which may further influence on breast cancer therapy.</p><p><bold>Aim</bold>. To evaluate the frequency of HLA-immunophenotypes in breast cancer and their relationship with the clinical and morphological features of the primary tumor.</p><p><bold>Materials and methods</bold>. This study included 82 patients with breast cancer who received treatment at the N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia. Immunophenotyping of the primary tumor was performed by immunofluorescence on cryostat sections. The reaction was evaluated using a ZEISS Axioscope 5 luminescent microscope (Zeiss AG, Germany). The study was dominated by patients with stage IIB 54 %, stage IIA was detected in 5 % of cases, IIIA – in 12 % of cases, IIIB – in 21 % of cases, IIIC – 8 %. Infiltrative ductal breast cancer was diagnosed in 67 % of patients (<italic>n</italic> = 55), infiltrative-lobular – in 22 % of cases (<italic>n</italic> = 18), other types – in 11 % (<italic>n</italic> = 9). The frequency of immunophenotypes was studied depending on the clinical and morphological characteristics of breast cancer.</p><p><bold>Results</bold>. It was found that in the group as a whole, the HLA-binegative immunophenotype of breast cancer was predominant. It dominated at stage T4 compared to the HLA-I<sup>+</sup>/HLA-DR<sup>+</sup> phenotype (100 and 0 %), <italic>p</italic> = 0.042. At the same time, it should be noted that in T4 primary tumor the HLA-I<sup>+</sup>/HLA-DR<sup>–</sup> immunophenotype was also observed. The relationship this immunophenotype was noted with the stage: frequency at stage IIIA was higher than the HLA-I<sup>+</sup>/HLA-DR<sup>+</sup> phenotype, 60 and 40 %, <italic>p</italic> = 0.01. Both HLA-DR-negative immunophenotypes were characterized by a high incidence of lymph node involvement and the absence of estrogen receptor expression. 80 % of receptor-negative tumors were noted in HLA-binegative immunophenotype compared to phenotype HLA-I<sup>+</sup>/HLA-DR<sup>+</sup>, <italic>p</italic> = 0.022; the similar data were obtained for the HLA-I<sup>+</sup>/HLA-DR<sup>–</sup> immunophenotype (<italic>p</italic> = 0.037).</p><p><bold>Conclusion</bold>. HLA immunophenotypes analysis of breast cancer revealed the HLA-binegative immunophenotype of breast cancer was predominant. The second most common immunophenotype was the absence of expression of HLA-DR molecules. The association of HLA-immunophenotypes with the stage of the tumor process, the size of the primary tumor, and the expression status of estrogen receptors was revealed.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение</bold>. Молекулы главного комплекса гистосовместимости изучаются при раке длительное время, но их клиническая значимость до сих пор вызывает полемику. Сообщается, что они могут иметь важное предиктивное значение в эффективности иммунотерапии. В этом контексте интерес представляет изучение HLA-иммунофенотипов опухоли, поскольку дополнительно раскрывает иммунобиологические особенности рака, что в дальнейшем может повлиять на подходы в лекарственной терапии рака молочной железы.</p><p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – оценить частоту HLA-иммунофенотипов рака молочной железы и их взаимосвязь с клинико-морфологическими признаками первичной опухоли.</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. В исследование включены 82 больные раком молочной железы, получавшие лечение в фГБУ «НМИЦ онкологии им. Н. Н. Блохина» Минздрава России. Иммунофенотипирование первичной опухоли выполнено иммуногистохимическим методом (иммунофлуоресцентного окрашивания) на криостатных срезах. Оценка реакции проводилась с помощью люминесцентного микроскопа ZEISS Axioscope 5 (Zeiss AG, Германия). В исследовании преобладали больные с IIB стадией – 54 %, IIА стадия выявлена в 5 % случаев, IIIA – в 12 % случаев, IIIB – в 21 %, IIIС – в 8 %. Инфильтративно-протоковый рак молочной железы диагностирован у 67 % больных (<italic>n</italic> = 55), инфильтративно-дольковый – в 22 % случаев (<italic>n</italic> = 18), другие виды составили 11,0 % (<italic>n</italic> = 9). Изучена частота иммунофенотипов в зависимости от клинических и морфологических характеристик рака молочной железы.</p><p><bold>Результаты</bold>. При раке молочной железы HLA-бинегативный иммунофенотип (отсутствие экспрессии обеих детерминант HLA I, II) являлся преобладающим. Высокая частота данного фенотипа наблюдалась при стадии Т4 в сравнении с HLA-I<sup>+</sup>/HLA-DR<sup>+</sup>-фенотипом – 100 и 0 % соответственно (<italic>р</italic> = 0,042). При размерах первичной опухоли, соответствующих стадии Т4, также наблюдался иммунофенотип HLA-I<sup>+</sup>/HLA-DR<sup>–</sup>. Отмечено, что частота встречаемости этого иммунофенотипа при IIIA стадии была выше в сравнении с HLA-I<sup>+</sup>/HLA-DR<sup>+</sup>-фенотипом – 60 и 40 % (<italic>р</italic> = 0,01). При опухолях, имеющих HLA-DR-негативный иммунофенотип, чаще наблюдались поражения лимфатических узлов, отсутствие экспрессии рецепторов к эстрогену. Опухоли с HLA-бинегативным иммунофенотипом в сравнении с группой опухолей с HLA-I<sup>+</sup>/HLA-DR<sup>+</sup>-фенотипом в 80 % наблюдений были рецептор-отрицательными (<italic>р</italic> = 0,022); аналогичные данные получены для HLA-I<sup>+</sup>/HLA-DR<sup>–</sup>-иммунофенотипа (<italic>р</italic> = 0,037).</p><p><bold>Заключение</bold>. По результатам анализа HLA-иммунофенотипов рака молочной железы HLA-бинегативный иммунофенотип оказался преобладающим. Вторым по частоте являлся иммунофенотип с отсутствием экспрессии молекул HLA-DR. Выявлена связь HLA-иммунофенотипов со стадией опухолевого процесса, размером первичной опухоли, статусом экспрессии рецепторов к эстрогену.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>HLA-I</kwd><kwd>HLA-DR</kwd><kwd>immunophenotype</kwd><kwd>breast cancer</kwd><kwd>immunofluorescence</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>HLA-I</kwd><kwd>HLA-DR</kwd><kwd>иммунофенотип</kwd><kwd>рак молочной железы</kwd><kwd>иммунофлуоресценция</kwd><kwd>криостатные срезы</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Global cancer statistics. IARC, 2020. Available at: https://gco.iarc.fr/today/data/factsheets/cancers/20-Breast-fact-sheet.pdf</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Sung H., Ferlay J., Siegel R.L. et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin 2021;71(3):209–49. 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