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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Biotherapy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Biotherapy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский биотерапевтический журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-9784</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1726-9792</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1323</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1726-9784-2022-21-2-10-18</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Antitumor immunotherapy and COVID-19 in cancer patients</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Противоопухолевая иммунотерапия и COVID-19 у онкологических пациентов</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0421-3287</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pogodina</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Погодина</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina Aleksandrovna Pogodina</p><p>Bld. 20, 2 Nauchny Proezd, Moscow 117246</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатерина Александровна Погодина</p><p>117246 Москва, Научный проезд, 20, стр. 2</p></bio><email>ekaterina.pogodina@exactelabs.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9374-3158</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shubina</surname><given-names>I. Zh.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шубина</surname><given-names>И. Ж.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina Zh. Shubina</p><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4703-5863</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lobov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лобов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anton V. Lobov</p><p>Bld. 20, 2 Nauchny Proezd, Moscow 117246</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117246 Москва, Научный проезд, 20, стр. 2</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3481-2854</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>P. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>П. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Polina I. Ivanova</p><p>Bld. 20, 2 Nauchny Proezd, Moscow 117246</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117246 Москва, Научный проезд, 20, стр. 2</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0316-5156</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolov</surname><given-names>N. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколов</surname><given-names>Н. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolay Yu. Sokolov</p><p>5 2<sup>nd</sup> Botkinsky Proezd, Moscow 125284</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125284 Москва, 2-й Боткинский проезд, 5</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Exacte Labs LLC</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ООО «Экзактэ Лабс»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н. Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">S.P. Botkin City Clinical Hospital, Moscow Department of Healthcare</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница им. С. П. Боткина Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-07-26" publication-format="electronic"><day>26</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>10</fpage><lpage>18</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-07-26"><day>26</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-07-26"><day>26</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://bioterapevt.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/1323">https://bioterapevt.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/1323</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The interaction of the innate and adaptive immunity is necessary for the immune response to SARS-CoV-2. The innate immunity serves as the body’s first line of defense in a rapid and non-specific manner. The adaptive immune reaction proceeds more slowly, forming a specific response to antigens. Both innate and adaptive immune responses are very important in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Alterations in the immune status leading to impaired immune responses are associated with more serious infectious diseases, including COVID-19. Patients with cancer are often immunosuppressed, both as a result of their disease and the specific treatment. As a result, they are at a more serious risk of acquiring COVID-19.</p><p>The aim of the paper is to review the literature concerning the immune response to the coronavirus disease in cancer patients, particularly, those who received antitumor immunotherapy.</p><p>The review considers various retrospective and prospective studies evaluating the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the effectiveness of treatment and the status of patients with cancer. The researchers have found that the negative impact of the infection affects patients receiving chemotherapy, patients with hematological malignancies, lung cancer, metastatic malignant neoplasms and cancer patients with advanced cancer. The age over 65 years is recognized as a certain risk factor.</p><p>Moreover, on the basis of the data on the mechanism of action of the immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors and the immune response to coronavirus infection, it was assumed that immune checkpoint inhibitors can induce immunocompetence in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. However, the existing data cannot completely support the statement that the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients with COVID-19 causes increased mortality or morbidity with SARS-CoV-2 infection.</p><p>Extensive experimental and clinical studies are required to determine the role of cancer immunotherapy in COVID-19 patients with cancer.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Взаимодействие врожденного и адаптивного иммунитета необходимо для реализации иммунного ответа на SARS-CoV-2. Врожденный иммунитет служит первой линией защиты организма быстрым и неспецифичным образом. Адаптивная иммунная реакция протекает медленнее, формируя специфический ответ на антигены. И врожденный, и адаптивный иммунный ответ имеют большое значение в патогенезе COVID-19. Изменение иммунного статуса, ведущее к нарушению иммунных реакций, ассоциируется с более тяжелым течением инфекционных заболеваний, в том числе COVID-19. У онкологических пациентов часто наблюдается иммуносупрессия как в результате переносимого заболевания, так и в результате проводимого лечения, и вследствие этого они подвержены большему риску тяжелого течения COVID-19.</p><p>В настоящем обзоре рассматриваются публикации, связанные с изучением иммунного ответа на коронавирусную инфекцию у онкологических пациентов, в частности получающих противоопухолевую иммунотерапию. Обсуждаются различные ретроспективные и проспективные исследования по оценке влияния инфекции SARS-CoV-2 на эффективность лечения и статус онкологических пациентов. Обнаружено, что в большей степени негативное влияние инфекции сказывается на пациентах, получающих химиотерапию, пациентах с гематобластозами, раком легких, метастатическими злокачественными новообразованиями и поздней стадией онкологического заболевания. Определенным фактором риска признан пожилой возраст – старше 65 лет.</p><p>На основе результатов изучения механизма действия иммунотерапии ингибиторами контрольных точек и иммунного ответа при коронавирусной инфекции предполагалось, что ингибиторы контрольных точек могут индуцировать иммунокомпетентность у пациентов, инфицированных SARS-CoV-2. Существующие противоречивые данные пока не позволяют с уверенностью утверждать, что применение ингибиторов контрольных точек у онкологических больных вызывает повышенную заболеваемость инфекцией SARS-CoV-2 или повышенную смертность от COVID-19.</p><p>Требуется интенсификация экспериментальных и клинических исследований, чтобы определить роль противоопухолевой иммунотерапии в развитии COVID-19 у онкологических пациентов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>immunity</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>cancer</kwd><kwd>immune checkpoint inhibitors</kwd><kwd>antitumor immunotherapy</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>иммунитет</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>онкология</kwd><kwd>ингибиторы контрольных точек</kwd><kwd>противоопухолевая иммунотерапия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Melenotte C., Silvin A., Goubet A.G. et al. Immune responses during COVID-19 infection. 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