Russian Journal of BiotherapyRussian Journal of BiotherapyРоссийский биотерапевтический журнал1726-97841726-9792Publishing House ABV Press129410.17650/1726-9784-2022-21-1-10-20REVIEWSОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫSomatostatin receptors: localization and imagining methods (review)Рецепторы к соматостатину: локализация и методы визуализации (обзор литературы)https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3034-750XPankratovaE. A.ПанкратоваЕ. А.
Russian Federation

Elizaveta Antonovna Pankratova

Bld. 2, 8 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991 Russia

Елизавета Антоновна Панкратова

Россия, 119991 Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2

paneliant@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1237-1207ShprakhZ. S.ШпрахЗ. С.
Russian Federation

Bld. 2, 8 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991 Russia

24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia

Россия, 119991 Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2

Россия, 115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24

I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И. М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of RussiaФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н. Н. Блохина» Минздрава России1404202221110201204202212042022https://bioterapevt.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/1294

Neuroendocrine tumors (NET) is a rare pathology characterized by dysfunction of the pituitary gland and endocrine glands. The survival prognosis depends on the stage of the disease at which the malignant growth was detected.

The study objective was to summarize information on the methods of early diagnosis of NETs and antitumor therapy using peptide hypothalamic hormone somatostatin analogues.

The review provides a chronological analysis of studies of the expression of somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) in different tissues and organs, methods of their visualization and quantitative determination over 50 years. The expression of SSTRs was revealed on NET cell membranes. The history of SSTRs study dates back to 1972, when somatostatin was first isolated and its structure established. Later, the peptide therapeutic activity in the treatment of NET, realized through somatostatin receptors, was discovered, and a number of somatostatin analogues were synthesized. Five main types of SSTRs are known, including subtypes which are expressed in characteristic volumes in the corresponding pathologies. Determining the expression of SSTRs provides diagnosis and staging of malignant neoplasms. Now the regulation of tumor growth is carried out by synthetic somatostatin analogues. SSTRs imaging is an important stage in planning NET therapy with drugs of this pharmacological group. Clinical studies of the therapy of tumors of various organs and tissues, in vitro and in vivo imaging are being carried out, methods for detecting SSTRs are being studied and compared.

A retrospective analysis of the methods used to visualize SSTRs and diagnose and treat NETs is presented. It has been shown that positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography, using SSTRs-binding radioligands is the safest and most accurate method for visualizing SSTRs and diagnosing NETs.

Нейроэндокринные опухоли (НЭО) – редко встречающаяся патология, характеризующаяся нарушениями работы гипофиза и желез внутренней секреции. Прогноз выживаемости пациентов с НЭО зависит от стадии заболевания, на которой был обнаружен злокачественный рост.

Цель работы – обобщить информацию о методах ранней диагностики НЭО и их терапии с использованием аналогов пептидного гипоталамического гормона соматостатина. Проведен хронологический анализ исследований экспрессии рецепторов к соматостатину (SSTRs) в разных тканях и органах, методов их визуализации и количественного определения за последние 50 лет.

По данным исследований, на мембранах клеток НЭО выявлена экспрессия SSTRs. История изучения SSTRs берет свое начало в 1972 г., когда впервые был выделен соматостатин и установлена его структура. Позднее обнаружена терапевтическая активность пептида при лечении НЭО, реализуемая через SSTRs, и синтезирован ряд аналогов соматостатина. Известно 5 основных типов SSTRs, включающих в себя подтипы, которые экспрессируются в характерных объемах при соответствующих патологиях. Выявление экспрессии SSTRs обеспечивает диагностику и определение стадий развития злокачественного новообразования. В настоящее время регуляцию роста опухоли проводят синтетическими аналогами соматостатина. Визуализация SSTRs – важный этап планирования терапии НЭО препаратами этой фармакологической группы. Проводятся клинические исследования терапии опухолей разных органов и тканей, визуализация in vitro и in vivo, изучаются и сравниваются методы обнаружения SSTRs.

В статье представлен ретроспективный анализ методов, используемых для визуализации SSTRs, диагностики и терапии НЭО. Показано, что метод позитронно-эмиссионной томографии, совмещенной с компьютерной томографией, с использованием SSTRs-связывающих радиолигандов является наиболее безопасным и точным для визуализации SSTRs и диагностики НЭО.

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