<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Biotherapy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Biotherapy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский биотерапевтический журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-9784</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1726-9792</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1264</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1726-9784-2021-20-3-25-33</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORTS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">RELATIONSHIP OF LYMPHOCYTE SUBPOPULATIONS IN BREAST CANCER PATIENTS WITH TREATMENT RESULTS</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ВЗАИМОСВЯЗЬ СУБПОПУЛЯЦИЙ ЛИМФОЦИТОВ БОЛЬНЫХ РАКОМ МОЛОЧНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ С РЕЗУЛЬТАТАМИ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7631-5699</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zabotina</surname><given-names>T. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Заботина</surname><given-names>Т. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashyrskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><email>tatzabotina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9146-5986</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chertkova</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черткова</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashyrskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1854-3455</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Borunova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борунова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashyrskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2790-6673</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharova</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захарова</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashyrskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3937-474X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shoua</surname><given-names>E. K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шоуа</surname><given-names>Э. К.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashyrskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7728-9533</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Artamonova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Артамонова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashyrskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4763-7992</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovalenko</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коваленко</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashyrskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3770-5173</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Horoshilov</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хорошилов</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashyrskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0058-0987</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kadagidze</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кадагидзе</surname><given-names>З. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashyrskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-10-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>25</fpage><lpage>33</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-10-07"><day>07</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-10-07"><day>07</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://bioterapevt.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/1264">https://bioterapevt.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/1264</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction</bold>. Breast cancer (BC) is an immunogenic tumor. Immune cells infiltration of tumor tissue can affect the clinical course of the disease. The immunogenicity of breast cancer varies depending on the molecular subtype.</p><p><bold>The aim of this work </bold>was to study the main indicators of systemic and local immunity before patient’s treatment and to determine their relationship with the immediate neoadjuvant chemotherapy results.</p><p><bold>Materials and methods</bold>. Patients with stage II–III BC received standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy in accordance with the molecular subtypes. The percentage of the main effector and regulatory lymphocytes populations of systemic and local immunity was determined by flow cytometry.</p><p><bold>Results</bold>. A decrease in the level of effector CD8 and CD4 lymphocyte populations and an increase in the level suppressor populations in tumor tissue in comparison with peripheral blood indicate an immunosuppressive state of local immunity in BC patients. In tumor tissue, a high level of CD8<sup>+</sup> PD-1<sup>+</sup> and CD4<sup>+</sup> PD-1<sup>+</sup> cells were associated with a high level of regulatory CD4<sup>+</sup> CD25<sup>high</sup>CD127<sup>–/low</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> CD11b<sup>–</sup> CD28<sup>–</sup> lymphocytes. Differences were found in the significance of individual lymphocyte populations for the immediate results of treatment between patients with different subtypes of breast cancer.</p><p><bold>Conclusion</bold>. Determination of lymphocyte subpopulations correlating with the level of PD-1 cells, and the results of treatment in patients with different molecular BC subtypes, will help a clearer understanding of the antitumor immune response in this pathology, and will also serve as a basis for identifying immune biomarkers that can be used as additional predictive factors in various treatment options for BC patients. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение</bold>. Рак молочной железы (РМЖ) относится к  гетерогенным заболеваниям. В  последние годы стало очевидным, что РМЖ является иммуногенной опухолью. В достаточном числе случаев обнаруживается выраженная инфильтрация опухолевой ткани иммунными клетками, присутствие которых может влиять на клиническое течение заболевания. Иммуногенность РМЖ варьирует в зависимости от молекулярного подтипа.</p><p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – изучение основных показателей системного и локального иммунитета у больных РМЖ до лечения и определение их взаимосвязи с непосредственными результатами неоадъювантной химиотерапии.</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. В исследование были включены пациентки со II–III стадиями РМЖ, которые получали стандартную неоадъювантную химиотерапию в соответствии с молекулярными подтипами РМЖ. Методом проточной цитофлуориметрии до лечения определяли процентное содержание основных эффекторных и регуляторных популяций лимфоцитов системного и локального иммунитета.</p><p><bold>Результаты</bold>. Обнаруженное в опухолевой ткани снижение уровня эффекторных CD8<sup>-</sup> и CD4<sup>-</sup>популяций лимфоцитов и повышение уровня клеток супрессорных популяций по сравнению с периферической кровью указывает на иммуносупрессивное состояние локального иммунитета у больных РМЖ. В опухолевой ткани высокий уровень CD8<sup>+</sup> PD-1<sup>+</sup> - и CD4<sup>+</sup> PD-1<sup>+</sup> -клетокассоциировался с высоким уровнем регуляторных CD4<sup>+</sup> CD25<sup>high</sup>CD127<sup>–/low</sup> и CD8<sup>+</sup> CD11b<sup>–</sup> CD28<sup>–</sup> -лимфоцитов. Были выявлены различия в  значимости отдельных популяций лимфоцитов для непосредственных результатов лечения между больными с разными подтипами РМЖ.</p><p><bold>Заключение</bold>. Определение субпопуляций лимфоцитов, коррелирующих с уровнем PD-1-клеток, а также с результатами проведенного лечения у больных с разными молекулярными подтипами РМЖ поможет более четкому пониманию особенностей противоопухолевого иммунного ответа при данной патологии, а также послужит основой для установления иммунных биомаркеров, которые смогут использоваться в качестве дополнительных предиктивных факторов при различных вариантах лечения больных РМЖ. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>breast cancer</kwd><kwd>neoadjuvant chemotherapy</kwd><kwd>systemic and local immunity</kwd><kwd>CD8+ PD-1+ and CD4+ PD-1+ lymphocytes</kwd><kwd>tumor pathomorphosis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак молочной железы</kwd><kwd>неоадъювантная химиотерапия</kwd><kwd>системный и локальный иммунитет</kwd><kwd>CD8+ PD-1+ - и CD4+ PD-1+ -лимфоциты</kwd><kwd>степень лечебного патоморфоза опухоли</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was performed with the financial support of the Ministry of Health of Russian Federation in the framework of research No ААА-А-А19-119022090028-6.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование проведено при финансовой поддержке Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации в рамках темы НИР № ААА-А-А19-119022090028-6.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Harbeck N., Penault-Llorca F., Cortes J. et al. Breast cancer. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2019;5(1):66. DOI: 10.1038/s41572-019-0111-2.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Zhang L., Wang X.I., Ding J. et al. The predictive and prognostic value of Foxp3+/CD25+ regulatory T cells and PD-L1 expression in triple negative breast cancer. Ann Diagn Pathol 2019;40:143–51. DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2019.04.004.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Hammerl D., Smid M., Timmermans A.M. et al. Breast cancer genomics and immuno-oncological markers to guide immune therapies. Semin Cancer Biol 2018;52(Pt 2):178–88. DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017. 11.003.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Planes-Laine G., Rochigneux P., Bertucci F. et al. PD-1/PD-L1 Targeting in Breast Cancer: The First Clinical Evidences Are Emerging. A Literature Review. Cancers (Basel) 2019;11(7):1033. DOI: 10.3390/cancers11071033.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Emens L.A. Breast Cancer Immunotherapy: Facts and Hopes. Clin Cancer Res 2018;24(3):511– 20. DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-16-3001.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Akinleye A., Rasool Z. Immune checkpoint inhibitors of PD-L1 as cancer therapeutics. J Hematol Oncol 2019;12(1):92. DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0779-5.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Han Y., Liu D., Li L. PD-1/PD-L1 pathway: current researches in cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2020;10(3):727–42. Available at: http://ajcr.us/files/ajcr0108072.pdf.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Ai L., Xu A., Xu J. Roles of PD-1/PD-L1 Pathway: Signaling, Cancer, and Beyond. Adv Exp Med Biol 2020;1248:33–59. DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-3266-5_3.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Paijens S.T., Vledder A., de Bruyn M., Nijman H.W. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in the immunotherapy era. Cell Mol Immunol 2021;18(4):842–59. DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-00565-9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Lotfinejad P., Kazemi T., Mokhtarzadeh A. et al. PD-1/PD-L1 axis importance and tumor microenvironment immune cells. Life Sci 2020;259:118297. DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118297.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Schnell A., Schmidl C., Herr W., Siska P.J. The Peripheral and Intratumoral Immune Cell Landscape in Cancer Patients: A Proxy for Tumor Biology and a Tool for Outcome Prediction. Biomedicines 2018;6(1):25. DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines6010025.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lavnikova G.A. Histological method for quantifying therapeutic tumor damage. Moscow: Metodicheskiye rekomendatsii, 1979. 13 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лавникова Г.А. Гистологический метод количественной оценки терапевтического повреждения опухоли. М.: Методические рекомендации, 1979. 13 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zabotina T.N., Korotkova O.V., Borunova A.A. et al. Multiparameter study of the immunophenotype of lymphocytes infiltrating a tumor in cancer patients. Rossiyskiy onkologicheskiy zhurnal = Russian Journal of Oncology 2016;21(1–2):51–4. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Заботина Т.Н., Короткова О.В., Борунова А.А. и др. Многопараметровое исследование иммунофенотипа лимфоцитов, инфильтрирующих опухоль у онкологических больных. Российский онкологический журнал 2016;21(1–2):51–4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zabotina T.N., Chertkova A.I., Tsiklauri V.T. et al. Features of peripheral blood lymphocytes and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes subpopulations in patients with squamous cell head and neck cancer. Immunologiya = Immunology 2019;40(3):10–9. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/0206-4952-2019-13002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Заботина Т.Н., Черткова А.И., Циклаури В.Т. и др. Особенности субпопуляционного состава лимфоцитов периферической крови и инфильтрирующих опухоль у больных плоскоклеточным раком головы и шеи. Иммунология 2019;40(3):10–9. DOI: 10.24411/0206-4952-2019-13002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Cai J., Wang D., Zhang G., Guo X. The Role of PD-1/PD-L1 Axis In Treg Development And Function: Implications For Cancer Immunotherapy. Onco Targets Ther 2019;12:8437–45. DOI: 10.2147/OTT.S221340.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kadagidze Z.G., Chertkova A.I., Zabotina T.N. et al. The relationship of markers of early and late lymphocytes activation with the effectiveness of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with triple negative breast cancer with the efficiency of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple negative breast cancer patients. Immunologiya = Immunology 2021;42(2):112–24. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.33029/0206-4952-2021-42-2-112-124.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кадагидзе З.Г., Черткова А.И., Заботина Т.Н. и др. Взаимосвязь маркеров ранней и поздней активации лимфоцитов с эффективностью неоадъювантной химиотерапии больных трижды негативным раком молочной железы. Иммунология 2021;42(2): 112–24. DOI: 10.33029/0206-4952-2021-42-2-112-124.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zabotina T.N., Chertkova A.I., Kadagidze Z.G. et al. Peripheral blood CD8+-lymphocytes populations and its value for direct and outlying treatment results in triple negative breast cancer patients. Immunologiya = Immunology 2020;41(4):326–36. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.33029/0206-4952-2020-41-3-326-336.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Заботина Т.Н., Черткова А.И., Кадагидзе З.Г. и др. Популяция CD8+-лимфоцитов периферической крови и ее значение для непосредственных и отдаленных результатов лечения больных трижды негативным раком молочной железы. Иммунология 2020;41(4):326–36. DOI: 10.33029/0206-4952-2020-41-3-326-336.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Wu S.Y., Fu T., Jiang Y.Z., Shao Z.M. Natural killer cells in cancer biology and therapy. Mol Cancer 2020;19(1):120. DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01238-x.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Vihervuori H., Autere T.A., Repo H. et al. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and CD8(+) T cells predict survival of triple-negative breast cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2019;145(12):3105–14. DOI: 10.1007/s00432-019-03036-5.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Ali H.R., Provenzano E., Dawson S.J. et al. Association between CD8+ T-cell infiltration and breast cancer survival in 12,439 patients. Ann Oncol 2014;25(8):1536–43. DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu191.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>deLeeuw R.J., Kost S.E., Kakal J.A., Nelson B.H. The prognostic value of FoxP3+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in cancer: a critical review of the literature. Clin Cancer Res 2012;18(11):3022–9. DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-11-3216.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Shang B., Liu Y., Jiang S.J., Liu Y. Prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating FoxP3+ regulatory T cells in cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2015;5:15179. DOI: 10.1038/srep15179.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
