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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Biotherapy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Biotherapy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский биотерапевтический журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-9784</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1726-9792</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1262</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1726-9784-2021-20-3-10-16</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">DETECTION OF MINIMAL TUMOR CELLS FOR THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT MONITORING OF CHILDREN WITH NEUROBLASTOMA</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ МИНИМАЛЬНОГО КОЛИЧЕСТВА ОПУХОЛЕВЫХ КЛЕТОК ДЛЯ ДИАГНОСТИКИ И МОНИТОРИНГА ЛЕЧЕНИЯ НЕЙРОБЛАСТОМЫ У ДЕТЕЙ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9374-3158</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shubina</surname><given-names>I. Zh.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шубина</surname><given-names>И. Ж.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><email>irinashubina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3289-223X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Burlaka</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бурлака</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7309-1650</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazantsev</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казанцев</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2138-7323</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dolzhikova</surname><given-names>Yu. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Должикова</surname><given-names>Ю. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7722-9821</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Petkevich</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петкевич</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2945-284X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kirgizov</surname><given-names>K. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киргизов</surname><given-names>К. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0132-167X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kiselevskiy</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киселевский</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-10-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>10</fpage><lpage>16</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-10-05"><day>05</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-10-05"><day>05</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://bioterapevt.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/1262">https://bioterapevt.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/1262</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Diagnosis, treatment and designing an adequate strategy of neuroblastoma (NB) therapy in children is still a complicated tasks for pediatric oncology and hematology. One of the key aspects of NB control is detection and monitoring of minimal residual disease.</p><p>The authors make a concise review of the up-to-date methods, such as immunocytochemistry, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), flow cytometry, the methods of qualitative and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to estimate mRNA (RT-PCR and QRT-PCR), which are currently used for minimal residual disease detection in patients with NB. Disialoganglioside GD2, a specific NB marker, is traditionally determined by immunocytochemistry with fluorochromes that enhance its specificity, and by flow cytometry, as well. At present, FISH test is a gold standard for evaluation of the MYCN gen status in NB. A widely used multicolor flow cytometry method allows achieving high specificity of the analysis for NB diagnosis. RT-PCR may search for various targets to reveal NB cells, however, at the moment the only accepted immune target is tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA. Moreover, the studies established that quantitative QRT-PCR has more advantages than traditional qualitative RT-PCR, since this method allows a more accurate and quantitative detection of one or several mRNAs in clinical samples. The review discusses advantages and disadvantages of the main methods currently used for minimal residual disease evaluation of NB cells, such as RT-PCR, flow cytometry, FISH, etc. Comparative studies included multicolor flow cytometry with various combinations of CD9/CD81/CD56/CD45/GD2 monoclonal antibodies, conventional RT-PCR and quantitative QRT-PCR to reveal circulating/disseminated NB cells in the clinical samples of cancer patients and healthy volunteers.</p><p>The authors analyze the results of various studies that compared accuracy and sensitivity of diagnostic methods such as RT-PCR, flow cytometry, FISH and some others. Despite the advantages of each method, the authors emphasize that multicolor flow cytometry is the optimal approach for the rapid and reliable detection of minimal residual disease and micrometastases of NB. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Диагностика, лечение и выработка тактики проводимой терапии нейробластомы (НБ) у детей являются нерешенными проблемами современной детской онкогематологии. Один из ключевых аспектов мониторинга терапии НБ – обнаружение и контроль минимальной остаточной болезни. В обзоре рассмотрены современные методы, используемые для обнаружения минимальной остаточной болезни при НБ, такие как иммуноцитохимия, флуоресцентная гибридизация in situ (FISH), проточная цитометрия, методы качественной полимеразной цепной реакции (ПЦР) (обратно-транскриптазная ПЦР, RT-PCR) и количественной ПЦР (QRT-PCR) для оценки мРНК. Специфический маркер НБ, дизиалоганглиозид GD2, определяют методом проточной цитометрии или иммуноцитохимии, повышая ее специфичность с помощью флуорохромов. В настоящее время метод FISH является «золотым стандартом» для оценки статуса гена MYCN при НБ. Широко используемый метод многопараметровой проточной цитометрии позволяет достичь высокой специфичности анализа при диагностике НБ. Для выявления клеток НБ с  помощью RT-PCR предлагаются разные мишени, но в  настоящее время единственной признанной мишенью является мРНК тирозингидроксилазы. При  этом показано, что QRT-PCR имеет преимущество перед более традиционной качественной RT-PCR, поскольку этот метод позволяет более точно и количественно определить 1 или несколько мРНК в клинических образцах. Обсуждаются результаты исследований по сравнению чувствительности методов диагностики, таких как RT-PCR, проточная цитометрия, FISH и др. Сравнительные исследования включали многопараметровую проточную цитометрию с  различными комбинациями моноклональных антител CD9/CD81/CD56/CD45/GD2, традиционную RT-PCR и количественную – QRT-PCR для  обнаружения циркулирующих клеток НБ в  образцах от  пациентов с онкологией и здоровых добровольцев. Несмотря на то что каждый из оцениваемых методов имеет свои преимущества, авторы акцентируют внимание на том, что именно многопараметровая проточная цитометрия позволяет быстро и надежно определять минимальную остаточную болезнь или микрометастазы НБ. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>neuroblastoma</kwd><kwd>minimal residual disease</kwd><kwd>micrometastases</kwd><kwd>polymerase chain reaction</kwd><kwd>flow cytometry</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нейробластома</kwd><kwd>минимальная остаточная болезнь</kwd><kwd>микрометастазы</kwd><kwd>полимеразная цепная реакция</kwd><kwd>проточная цитометрия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Maris J.M., Hogarty M.D., Bagatell R., Cohn S.L. Neuroblastoma. Lancet 2007;369(9579):2106–20. 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