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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Biotherapy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Biotherapy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский биотерапевтический журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-9784</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1726-9792</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1244</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1726-9784-2021-20-1-42-55</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORTS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">DIFFUSE LEPTOMENINGEAL GLIONEURONAL TUMOR IN CHILDREN: MR CHARACTERISTICS, CLINICAL FEATURES AND OUTCOME. FOUR CLINICAL CASES</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ДИФФУЗНАЯ ЛЕПТОМЕНИНГЕАЛЬНАЯ ГЛИОНЕЙРОНАЛЬНАЯ ОПУХОЛЬ У ДЕТЕЙ: МРТ И МОЛЕКУЛЯРНО-ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ, КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ И ИСХОД ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯ. ОПИСАНИЕ 4 КЛИНИЧЕСКИХ СЛУЧАЕВ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2977-665X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Valiakhmetova</surname><given-names>A. F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Валиахметова</surname><given-names>Э. Ф.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andge Favarisovna Valiakhmetova </p><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow 117198</p><p>16  4th Tverskaya-Yamskaya St., Moscow 125047</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Эндже Фаварисовна Валиахметова </p><p>117198 Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p><p>125047 Москва, ул. 4-я Тверская Ямская, 16</p></bio><email>andgeval@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7750-5216</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Papusha</surname><given-names>L. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Папуша</surname><given-names>Л. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow 117198</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117198 Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0628-1726</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Artemov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Артёмов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow 117198</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117198 Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7317-7104</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tereshchenko</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Терещенко</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow 117198</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117198 Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9846-2793</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sal’nikova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сальникова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow 117198</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117198 Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3007-3772</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yasko</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ясько</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow 117198</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117198 Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1308-8622</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Druy</surname><given-names>A. Е.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Друй</surname><given-names>А. Е</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow 117198</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117198 Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5461-7442</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shekhtman</surname><given-names>A. Р.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шехтман</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow 117198</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117198 Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2322-5734</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Novichkova</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новичкова</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow 117198</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117198 Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karachunsky</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карачунский</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p> 1 Samory Mashela St., Moscow 117198</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117198 Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">D. Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology of the Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Д. Рогачева» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery of the Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр нейрохирургии им. акад. Н. Н. Бурденко» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-04-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>04</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>42</fpage><lpage>55</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-04-07"><day>07</day><month>04</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-04-07"><day>07</day><month>04</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://bioterapevt.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/1244">https://bioterapevt.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/1244</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background.</bold> Diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor (DLGNT) is an extremely rare entity first officially recognized in 2016 WHO classification of tumors of the central nervous system. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of this tumor usually visualizes diffuse meningeal infiltration with contrast enhancement, with the presence of multiple small contrast‑negative cysts, visible mainly in the T2 images. The main molecular markers of DLGNTs include the KIAA1549-BRAF fusion gene, BRAF V600E substitution is less common.</p><p><bold>The aim of this work</bold> is to describe the manifestation of DLGNT, its neuroimaging and molecular genetic characteristics, the experience of using anti‑BRAF and anti‑MEK therapy.</p><p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> In this article are described four cases of DLGNT. The first patient with the presence of the KIAA1549-BRAF fusion in the tumor tissue received a full course of SIOP‑LGG / 2004 chemotherapy (carbo‑ platin and vincristine), the stabilization of the disease on the MRI remains for 4 years after completion of treatment. Second patient with KIAA1549-BRAF fusion gene in tumour tissue received MEK inhibitor trametinib as first line of treatment with the stabilization of the disease on control MRI which last for 2 years. A third patient with a mutation in the BRAF V600E gene. After disease progression on standard chemotherapy (carboplatin and vincristine) according to the SIOP‑LGG / 2004 protocol, anti‑BRAF therapy with vemurafenib was prescribed. After 10 months on MRI a complete response was recorded, which persists during the drug intake for 2.5 years. In the fourth patient, no molecular genetic aberrations were detected; a refractory / progressive course of the dis‑ ease was noted. To date, the stabilization of the disease is recorded on the fourth line of chemotherapy (everoli‑ mus and temozolomide).</p><p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> Given the rarity of this tumor and the lack of consensus about therapy, despite the limited number of observations, our experience allows us to recommend molecular testing of DLGNT to detect activating events in the BRAF gene, as well as consideration of anti‑BRAF / MEK therapy if either the BRAF V600E mutation is de‑ tected or KIAA1549-BRAF fusion.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение</bold>. Диффузная лептоменингеальная глионейрональная опухоль (ДЛГО) является чрезвычайно редким новообразованием, впервые включенным в классификацию Всемирной организации здравоохранения для опухолей центральной нервной системы в 2016 г. При проведении магнитно‑резонансной томографии (МРТ) при данной опухоли обычно визуализируется диффузное поражение оболочек цен‑ тральной нервной системы с накоплением контрастного вещества c наличием множественных контрастнегативных кист небольшого размера, видимых преимущественно в режиме Т2. Основным молекулярным маркером ДЛГО является химерный транскрипт KIAA1549-BRAF, мутация в гене BRAF V600E встречается реже.</p><p><bold>Цель исследования.</bold> Описание манифестации ДЛГО, ее нейровизуализационных и молекулярно‑генетических характеристик, опыта применения анти‑BRAF и анти‑МЕК терапии.</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> В статье описаны 4 случая ДЛГО. Первый пациент с наличием химерного транс‑ крипта KIAA1549-BRAF в ткани опухоли получил полный курс химиотерапии (карбоплатин и винкристин) по схеме протокола SIOP‑LGG / 2004, на протяжении 4 лет после завершения лечения по данным МРТ сохраняется стабилизация заболевания. У 2‑го пациента был обнаружен химерный транскрипт KIAA1549-BRAF и назначен траметиниб в 1‑й линии терапии, на протяжении 2 лет при контрольных МРТ сохраняется стабилизация заболевания. Третьему пациенту с наличием мутации в гене BRAF V600E после прогрессии заболевания на стандартной химиотерапии (карбоплатин и винкристин) по схеме протокола SIOP‑LGG / 2004 была назначена анти‑BRAF терапия препаратом вемурафениб. Через 10 мес лечения при МРТ был зарегистрирован полный ответ, который сохраняется на протяжении приема препарата в течение 2,5 лет. У 4‑го пациента не было обнаружено молекулярно‑генетических аберраций, отмечается рефрактерное / прогрессирующее течение заболевания, на сегодняшний день зафиксирована стабилизация заболевания на терапии 4‑й ли нии (эверолимус и темозоломид).</p><p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Учитывая редкость этой опухоли и отсутствие консенсуса относительно терапии, несмотря на ограниченное число наблюдений, наш опыт позволяет рекомендовать молекулярное тестирование ДЛГО для выявления активирующих событий в гене BRAF, а также рассмотрение анти‑BRAF / MEK терапии, если обнаружена либо мутация V600E в гене BRAF, либо химерный транскрипт KIAA1549-BRAF.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>KIAA1549-BRAF fusion</kwd><kwd>BRAF V600E</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>диффузная лептоменингеальная глионейрональная опухоль</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>химерный транскрипт KIAA1549-BRAF</kwd><kwd>BRAF V600E</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Louis D.N., Perry A., Reifenberger G. et al. 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