Russian Journal of BiotherapyRussian Journal of BiotherapyРоссийский биотерапевтический журнал1726-97841726-9792Publishing House ABV Press124310.17650/1726-9784-2021-20-1-33-41REVIEWSОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫLIPOSOMES AS A TARGETED DELIVERY SYSTEM OF DRUGS (REVIEW)ЛИПОСОМЫ КАК СИСТЕМА ТАРГЕТНОЙ ДОСТАВКИ ЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫХ СРЕДСТВ (ОБЗОР)GorbikV. S.ГорбикВ. С.
Russian Federation

Valentina Sergeevna Gorbik

Build. 2, 8 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991

Валентина Сергеевна Горбик 

119991 Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2

valya.gorbik.1998@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3034-750XShprakhZ. S.ШпрахЗ. С.
Russian Federation

Build. 2, 8 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991

24 Kashyrskoe Shosse,  Moscow 115478

119991 Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2

115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24

KozlovaZ. M.КозловаЖ. М.
Russian Federation

Build. 2, 8 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991

119991 Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4210-2315SalovaV. G.СаловаВ. Г.
Russian Federation

Build. 2, 8 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991

119991 Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2

I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of RussiaФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И. М. Сеченова Минздрава РоссияN.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of RussiaФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н. Н. Блохина» Минздрава России0804202120133410704202107042021https://bioterapevt.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/1243

Liposomal targeted drug delivery makes it possible to achieve effective concentration in the target cell under various pathological conditions. The main advantage of liposomal particles is their biodegradability and immunological neutrality, which improves the safety profile of drugs. The review provides information on the composition of liposomes: the main component of the liposomal membrane is phospholipids, which provide its strength and protect from mechanical impacts. Liposomal particles are distinguished by the size and number of bilayer membranes, also secreted liposomes with a non‑lamellar organization. The composition and size of liposomes are selected depending on the purpose, including excipients in the membrane that affect the properties and functions of liposomes, including the rate of release of the components, the affinity of liposomes for the target tissue, etc. The review considers the main methods for obtaining liposomes and the features of their use, advantages and disadvantages. The creation of liposomes that are sensitive to various external or internal physicochemical factors makes it possible to realize drugs effects, localize the site of its action and reduce the number and severity of side effects. Currently, liposome‑based drugs are successfully used in various fields of medicine – dermatology, cardiology, oncology, neurology, etc. The most active condact preclinical and clinical studies of liposomal drugs for the treatment of malignant neoplasms. Particular attention is paid to the work of Russian researchers in the field of targeted drug delivery. It is shown that today liposomes are an open for study and improvement system for targeted drug delivery.

Достичь эффективной концентрации в клетке‑мишени при различных патологических состояниях позволяет адресная доставка лекарственных препаратов с помощью липосом. Основным преимуществом липосомальных частиц является их способность к биодеградации и иммунологическая нейтральность, что позволяет улучшить профиль безопасности лекарственных средств (ЛС). В обзоре приведены сведения о составе липосом: основным компонентом липосомальной мембраны являются фосфолипиды, которые обеспечивают ее прочность и защиту от механических воздействий. Липосомальные частицы различают по размеру и количеству бислойных оболочек, образующих везикулы, также выделяют липосомы с неламеллярной организацией. Состав и размер липосом выбирают в зависимости от поставленных целей, включая в мембрану вспомогательные вещества, влияющие на свойства и функции липосом, в том числе на скорость высвобождения содержимого везикул, сродство липосом к ткани‑мишени и др. В обзоре рассмотрены основные методы получения липосом и особенности их использования, преимущества и недостатки. Создание липосом, чувствительных к различным внешним или внутренним физико‑химическим стимулам, позволяет реализовать эффективность ЛС, локализовать место его действия и уменьшить количество и серьезность побочных явлений. В настоящее время лекарственные препараты на основе липосом успешно используют в различных областях медицины – дерматологии, кардиологии, онкологии, неврологии и др. Наиболее активно проводятся доклинические и клинические исследования липосомальных ЛС для лечения злокачественных новообразований. Особое внимание в статье уделено работам российских исследователей в области направленной доставки ЛС. Показано, что на сегодняшний день липосомы являются открытой для изучения и совершенствования системой таргетной доставки ЛС.

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