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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Biotherapy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Biotherapy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский биотерапевтический журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-9784</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1726-9792</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1219</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1726-9784-2020-19-3-57-64</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORTS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">PRECLINICAL TOXICITY STUDY OF THE NEW ANTIFUNGAL DRUG AMPHAMID</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ДОКЛИНИЧЕСКОЕ ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ТОКСИЧНОСТИ НОВОГО ПРОТИВОГРИБКОВОГО ПРЕПАРАТА АМФА</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7331-5490</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Treschalin</surname><given-names>I. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трещалин</surname><given-names>И. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иван Дмитриевич Трещалин</p></bio><email>idtivan@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8643-6427</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Golibrodo</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Голибродо</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5652-8686</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Treschalin</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трещалин</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1091-1011</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tevyashova</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тевяшова</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7368-9695</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pereverzeva</surname><given-names>E. R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Переверзева</surname><given-names>Э. Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Gause Institute of New Antibiotics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт по изысканию новых антибиотиков им. Г.Ф. Гаузе»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-10-13" publication-format="electronic"><day>13</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>57</fpage><lpage>64</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-10-12"><day>12</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2020-10-12"><day>12</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://bioterapevt.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/1219">https://bioterapevt.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/1219</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> Amphotericin B remains the drug of first choice in the treatment of most severe systemic fungal infections. However, it is characterized by very low solubility and high toxicity. Amphamide – semisynthetic derivative of Amphotericin B – have been prepared at the Gause Institute of New Antibiotics. It showed several advantages over amphotericin B in vivo.</p><p><bold>Objective.</bold> The aim of the study was to investigate the toxicological safety of amphamide drug formulation in chronic experiment on rats.</p><p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> The study was performed in male and female Wistar rats. Amphamide drug formulation was injected intraperitonealy at the total doses of MTD and LD<sub>50</sub> (30 × 0,07 mg/kg or 30 × 0,17 mg/kg with 24-h interval). During the experiment body weight, hematological parameters, blood biochemical parameters, electrocardiography and urinalysis were performed. Animals were sacrificed on 1st and 30th day after the end of treatment. At necropsy, the mass coefficients of heart, liver, kidneys, spleen and thymus were calculated. The internal organs were subjected to histological evaluation.</p><p><bold>Results.</bold> It has been shown that the treatment with total dose of amphamide produces an increase of urea and creatinine level in serum, changes in urine composition and its specific gravity. Microscopic pathology observation showed dose-dependent structure abnormalities in kidneys, liver, lungs, stomach, and testes. Multiple administration of low dose of the drug produces transient toxic effects completely reversible within 30 days. When amphamide was used in a high dose, morphological signs of toxic cardiomyopathy were found.</p><p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> The results of the clinical and laboratory studies and microscopic pathology observation of kidneys demonstrate that nephrotoxicity is the main limiting type of drug toxicity. Dose dependence and reversibility within a month of toxic effects of amphamide allows us to recommend it to further advance.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Амфотерицин В остается препаратом первого выбора в лечении большинства тяжелых системных грибковых инфекций. Однако он характеризуется очень низкой растворимостью и высокой токсичностью. В ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт по изысканию новых антибиотиков им. Г.Ф. Гаузе» («НИИНА») было получено полусинтетическое производное амфотерицина В – амфамид, имеющее ряд преимуществ перед амфотерицином в экспериментах in vivo.</p><p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – доклиническое изучение токсикологической безопасности лекарственной формы амфамида в хроническом эксперименте на крысах.</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Исследование проведено на крысах Wistar, самках и самцах. Амфамид в лекарственной форме вводили ежедневно внутрибрюшинно в течение 30 дней в дозах, суммарно составляющих максимально переносимую дозу и ЛД<sub>50</sub> (разовые дозы 0,07 и 0,17 мг/кг соответственно). В ходе исследования определяли массу тела, проводили клинический и биохимический анализ крови, анализ мочи, снимали электрокардиограмму. На 1-е и 30-е сутки по окончании курса животных подвергали эвтаназии. Определяли массовые коэффициенты сердца, печени, почек, селезенки и тимуса, проводили патоморфологическое исследование внутренних органов.</p><p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Показано, что введение амфамида приводит к увеличению содержания мочевины и креатинина в сыворотке крови, изменению состава мочи и увеличению ее удельного веса. При патоморфологическом исследовании найдены повреждения структуры почек, печени, легких, желудка и семенников, интенсивность которых зависела от дозы препарата. У животных, получавших препарат в низкой дозе, структура этих органов к концу наблюдения полностью восстанавливалась. При использовании амфамида в высокой дозе найдены морфологические признаки токсической кардиомиопатии.</p><p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Данные клинико-лабораторных исследований, подтвержденные результатами патоморфологического изучения структуры почек, свидетельствуют о том, что нефротоксичность является основным лимитирующим видом токсичности препарата. Изменения, возникающие под действием амфамида, зависят от величины примененной дозы и обратимы в течение месяца, что позволяет рекомендовать его для дальнейшего изучения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>AMPHAMIDE</kwd><kwd>POLYENES</kwd><kwd>ANTIFUNGAL ANTIBIOTIC</kwd><kwd>CHRONIC TOXICITY</kwd><kwd>RATS</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>АМФАМИД</kwd><kwd>ПОЛИЕНЫ</kwd><kwd>ПРОТИВОГРИБКОВЫЙ АНТИБИОТИК</kwd><kwd>ХРОНИЧЕСКАЯ ТОКСИЧНОСТЬ</kwd><kwd>КРЫСЫ</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Anderson C.M. Sodium chloride treatment of amphotericin B nephrotoxicity – standard of care? West J Med 1995;162(4):313–7. PMID: 7747495.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Plumb D.C. Veterinary Drug Handbook. PharmaVet. 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