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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Biotherapy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Biotherapy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский биотерапевтический журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-9784</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1726-9792</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1142</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1726-9784-2019-18-1-60-66</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORTS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Signaling TLR/RLR-mechanisms of immunomodulating action of ingavirin and thymogen preparations</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Сигнальные TLR/RLR-механизмы иммуномодулирующего действия препаратов ингавирин и тимоген</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0957-4513</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolova</surname><given-names>T. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколова</surname><given-names>Т. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>18 Gamalei St., Moscow 123098</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>123098 Москва, ул. Гамалеи, 18</p></bio><email>tmsokolovavir@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0001-2493</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Poloskov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полосков</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>18 Gamalei St., Moscow 123098</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>123098 Москва, ул. Гамалеи, 18</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0972-9001</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shuvalov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шувалов</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>18 Gamalei St., Moscow 123098</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>123098 Москва, ул. Гамалеи, 18</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8897-0172</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Burova</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бурова</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское ш., 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4755-5313</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolova</surname><given-names>Z. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколова</surname><given-names>З. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское ш., 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «НИЦ эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Н.Ф. Гамалеи» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2019-04-19" publication-format="electronic"><day>19</day><month>04</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>60</fpage><lpage>66</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2019-04-19"><day>19</day><month>04</month><year>2019</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2019-04-19"><day>19</day><month>04</month><year>2019</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://bioterapevt.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/1142">https://bioterapevt.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/1142</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Objective: to study drugs ingavirin and thymogen as activators of signal TLR and RLR reactions in a sensitive cell model of THP-1 monocytes and blood cells of donors.Materials and methods . Investigated drugs ingavirin (imidazolylethanamide pentanedioic acid – 6-[2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethylami- no]-5-oxohexanoic acid; Valenta Pharmaceutics, Russia) and thymogen (alpha-glutamyl-tryptophan; Cytomed, Russia), registered in Russia as medicines. The expression of TLR/RLR receptor genes was determined under the action of ingavirin 50–300 μg/ml and thymogen 0.1–5 μg/ml (24 h, 37 °C) using quantitative RT-PCR. The level of fluid cytokines was determined using ELISA kits (Vec- tor-Best, Russia) in the culture fluid. Transfection of small inhibitory RNA (siRNA) MAVS was performed using the reagent Lipofect- amine 2000 (Invitrogen). The immunophenotype of the THP-1 cell line was determined by flow cytometry with labeled monoclonal antibodies FITC CD14 and PE CD34 (BD Biosciences) on a FACSCanto II instrument (Becton Dickinson).Results . For the first time, it has been shown that ingavirin (imidazolylethanamide) and thymogen (dipeptide Glu-Trp) preparations are activators of the immune TLR/RLR receptors and their signaling factors genes in the cultures of monocytic leukemia THP-1 and blood of healthy donors. In these cellular systems, ingavirin and thymogen preparations elicited similar immune responses and stimulated the expression of genes: endosomal TLR3/7/8/9 receptors, RIG1/MDA5 cytoplasmic sensors and NFκB1 and MAVS signaling factors. Induced cells secrete inflammatory cytokines of TNF-α and IL1-β. Ingavirin in THP-1 cell culture monocytes caused a decrease in CD34+ blast cells. Activation the genes of MAVS and co-receptor B2M of the main histocompatibility complex (MHCII) by ingavirin were interrelated. Transfection of siRNA MAVS reduced the level of homologous mRNA MAVS and heterologous mRNA B2M. Conclusion . The results obtained suggest that the antiviral and immunomodulating properties of the drugs ingavirin and thymogen are associated with the activation of a group of TLR/RLR signaling pathways of the innate and adaptive immunity and the differentiation of hematopoietic cell precursors.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Цель работы – изучить препараты ингавирин и тимоген как активаторы сигнальных TLRи RLR-реакций в чувствительной клеточной модели моноцитов ТНР-1 и клетках крови доноров.Материалы и методы . Исследованы препараты ингавирин (имидазолилэтанамид пентандиовой кислоты – 6-[2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl) ethylamino]-5-oxohexanoic acid; «Валента Фармацевтика», Россия) и тимоген (альфа-глутамил-триптофан; «Цитомед», Россия), зарегистрированные в России как лекарственные препараты. Определяли экспрессию генов TLR/RLR-рецепторов под действием препаратов ингавирин 50–300 мкг/мл и тимоген 0,1–5 мкг/мл (24 ч при 37 °С) методом количественной полимеразной цепной реакции с обратной транскрипцией. Уровень цитокинов жидкости оценивали с помощью наборов для иммуноферментного анализа (ЗАО «Вектор-Бест», Россия) в культуральной жидкости. Трансфекцию малой ингибиторной РНК (миРНК) MAVS проводили с помощью реагента Lipofectaminе 2000 (Invitrogen). Иммунофенотип клеток линии ТНР-1 определяли проточной цитометрией с меченными моноклональными антителами FITC CD14 и PE CD34 (BD Biosciences) на приборе FACSCanto II (Becton Dickinson).Результаты . Впервые показано, что препараты ингавирин (имидазолилэтанамид пентандиовой кислоты) и тимоген (альфа-глутамил-триптофан) – активаторы генов иммунных TLR/RLR-рецепторов и их сигнальных факторов в клеточной линии ТНР-1 (моноцитарная лейкемия человека) и крови здоровых доноров. В этих клеточных системах препараты ингавирин и тимоген вызывали похожие иммунные реакции и стимулировали экспрессию генов: эндосомальных рецепторов TLR 3, 7, 8, 9, цитоплазматических сенсоров RIG1/MDA5 и сигнальных факторов NFκB1 и MAVS. Индуцированные клетки секретировали воспалительные цитокины TNF-α и IL1-β. Ингавирин в клеточной линии ТНР-1 вызывал снижение бластных клеток CD34+. Активация ингавирином генов MAVS и ко-рецептора В2М главного комплекса гистосовместимости (MHCII) были взаимосвязаны. Трансфекция миРНК MAVS снижала уровень гомологичной мРНК и гетерологичной мРНК В2М. Заключение . Полученные результаты дают основание считать, что антивирусные и иммуномодулирующие свойства препаратов ингавирин и тимоген связаны с активацией группы генов TLR/RLR-сигнальных путей врожденного и адаптивного иммунитета и дифференцировкой предшественников гемопоэтических клеток.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ingavirin</kwd><kwd>timogen</kwd><kwd>THP-1</kwd><kwd>blood</kwd><kwd>TLR/RLR</kwd><kwd>MAVS</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ингавирин</kwd><kwd>тимоген</kwd><kwd>ТНР-1</kwd><kwd>TLR/RLR</kwd><kwd>MAVS</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1. Pandey S., Singh S., Anang V. et al. Pattern recognition receptors in cancer progression and metastasis. Cancer Growth Metastasis 2015;8:25–34. DOI: 0.4137/CGM.S24314. PMID: 26279628.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pandey S., Singh S., Anang V. et al. 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