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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Biotherapy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Biotherapy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский биотерапевтический журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-9784</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1726-9792</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1097</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1726-9784-2018-17-3-20-28</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Mathematical models of the process of submlimationand optimization of lyophilization modes</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Математические моделипроцесса сублимациии оптимизация режимов лиофилизации</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Blynskaya</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Блынская</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>8 Baltiyskaya St., Moscow 125315</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>125315 Москва, ул. Балтийская, 8</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8321-6952</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tishkov</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тишков</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>8 Baltiyskaya St., Moscow 125315</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Сергей Валерьевич Тишков</bold><italic><bold> </bold></italic></p><p><italic>125315 Москва, ул. Балтийская, 8</italic></p></bio><email>sergey-tishkov@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekseyev</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеев</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Bldg. 2, 2 Krasnobogatyrskaya St., Moscow 107564</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>107564 Москва, ул. Краснобогатырская, 2, стр. 2</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Minaev</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Минаев</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>8 Baltiyskaya St., Moscow 125315</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>125315 Москва, ул. Балтийская, 8</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">V.V. Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «НИИ фармакологии им. В.В. Закусова»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow medical university “REAVIZ”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский медицинский университет «РЕАВИЗ»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2018-11-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>11</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>20</fpage><lpage>28</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2018-11-25"><day>25</day><month>11</month><year>2018</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2018-11-25"><day>25</day><month>11</month><year>2018</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://bioterapevt.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/1097">https://bioterapevt.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/1097</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>The purpose </bold>of this study is to analyze methods of mathematical modeling for calculating the stage of primary sublimation, as the most important stage in lyophilization technology. Presented are mathematical formulas, equations for the calculation of heat and mass transfer processes, during the removal of 90 % of all frozen ice. A model is considered that takes into account the contribution of all thermal effects, including the transient energy balance, taking into account the heat transfer through the side wall of the vial and radiation, even if they are present in a small amount. The mathematical model can be used to optimize the lyophilization cycle, and also as tools for technological monitoring (using sensors based on models). The model considered in the article is a one-dimensional nonstationary state model in which the correct comprehensive transient energy balance has been introduced to describe the heat transfer through the glass of the vial, and the results are estimated using experimental data. The equations used in the simulation describe the mass and energy balances in the dried layer, taking into account the rate of adsorption/desorption of water at the interface, mass and heat transfer at the sublimation interface, as well as the energy balance of heat transfer in the wall of vials, shelf and other factors affecting the process of sublimation. Conclusions are made on the presented mathematical models and the characteristic of the direction of the process of optimization of primary sublimation in lyophilization technology is given.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Цель статьи </bold>– рассмотреть методы математического моделирования для расчета этапа первичной сублимации как самого важного этапа в технологии лиофилизации. Представлены математические формулы, уравнения для расчета тепло-и массообменных процессов во время удаления 90 % всей влаги в лиофилизате. Продемонстрирована модель, в которой учтен вклад всех тепловых воздействий, в том числе переходный энергетический баланс, учитывающий перенос тепла через боковую стенку флакона и излучения, даже если они присутствуют в незначительном количестве. Математическая модель может быть использована для оптимизации цикла лиофилизации, а также в качестве инструмента технологического мониторинга (с применением датчиков на основе моделей). Модель, рассматриваемая в статье, является одномерной нестационарной моделью состояния, в которую введен правильный всеобъемлющий переходный баланс энергии, чтобы описать передачу тепла через стекло флакона. Результаты оценены с помощью экспериментальных данных. Уравнения, используемые в моделировании, описывают массовый и энергетический балансы в высушенном слое с учетом скорости адсорбции/десорбцииводы на границе раздела фаз, массо- и теплопередачу на сублимационной границе раздела фаз, а также энергетический баланспередачи тепла в стенке флаконов с учетом расположения флаконов на полке и других факторов, влияющих на процесс сублимации. Сделаны выводы по представленным математическим моделям и дана характеристика направления процессаоптимизации первичной сублимации в технологии лиофилизации.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>primary sublimation</kwd><kwd>lyophilization technology</kwd><kwd>mathematical modeling of primary sublimation</kwd><kwd>monomeric nonstationarystate model</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>первичная сублимация</kwd><kwd>технология лиофилизации</kwd><kwd>математическое моделирование первичной сублимации</kwd><kwd>мономерная нестационарная модель состояния</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gulyakin I.D., Hashem A., Nikolaeva L.L. et al. Development of a new technology for the preparation of a dosage form for the intravenous administration of an indole carbazole derivative, LHS-1208. 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