Russian Journal of BiotherapyRussian Journal of BiotherapyРоссийский биотерапевтический журнал1726-97841726-9792Publishing House ABV Press109510.17650/1726-9784-2018-17-3-6-11REVIEWSОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫMicroRNA expression in melanocytes and melanoma cellsОсобенности экспрессии микроРНК в меланоцитахи клетках меланомы человекаPetkevichA. A.ПеткевичА. А.
Russian Federation

24 Kashirskoe Shosse,Moscow 115478

Алиса Антоновна Петкевич

115478 Москва, Каширское ш., 24

gluksworld@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9374-3158ShubinaI. Sh.ШубинаИ. Ж.
Russian Federation

24 Kashirskoe Shosse,Moscow 115478

115478 Москва, Каширское ш., 24

AbramovA. A.АбрамовА. А.
Russian Federation

39 Aviatorov St., Moscow 119620

119620 Москва, ул. Авиаторов, 38

MamedovaL. T.МамедоваЛ. Т.
Russian Federation

24 Kashirskoe Shosse,Moscow 115478

115478 Москва, Каширское ш., 24

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7150-5071SamoilenkoI. V.СамойленкоИ. В.
Russian Federation

24 Kashirskoe Shosse,Moscow 115478

115478 Москва, Каширское ш., 24

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0132-167XKiselevskyM. V.КиселевскийМ. В.
Russian Federation

24 Kashirskoe Shosse,Moscow 115478

115478 Москва, Каширское ш., 24

N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of RussiaФГБУ «НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава РоссииSBIH “NPC specialized medical help for children, Moscow Healthcare Department”ГБУЗ «Научно-практический центр специализированной медицинской помощи детям им. В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого ДЗМ»251120181736112511201825112018https://bioterapevt.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/1095

Diagnostic biomarkers cancer diagnostics at preclinical stage seem to be a very promising strategy to increase effectiveness of anti-cancer treatment. Currently there are no such biomarkers available for daily routine practice. However, there are some candidate molecules in research that possibly can be used as biomarkers for early diagnosis, one of them is microRNA. MicroRNA is a small, 20–25 bp, non-coding RNA that is highly involved into epigenetic regulation of gene expression. These molecules participate in malignant transformation of normal cells into cancer cells including melanoma. And moreover, definite expression level of some microRNAs are essential for normal differentiation and function of human cells. Changes in microRNA profile are one of the reasons for malignant tumor development. Identification of these changes may help to develop diagnostic systems to start anti-cancer treatment at early stages.

Поиск маркеров ранней, по возможности доклинической диагностики онкологических заболеваний остается актуальным вопросом современной медицины. Одними из кандидатных молекул на роль подобных маркеров являются микроРНК. МикроРНК представляют собой короткие некодирующие нуклеотидные последовательности, играющие роль эпигенетического регулятора экспрессии генов. В статье освещаются основные особенности биологии и функционирования микроРНК. Особое внимание уделено роли микроРНК в нормальных меланоцитах и в биологическом материале при меланоме.

microRNAmelanocytesmelanomadiagnostic markersмикроРНКмеланомамеланоцитыдиагностический маркерLee R., Feinbaum R., Ambros V. et al. A short history of a short RNA. Cell 2004;116:89–92. DOI: 10.1016/S0092-8674(04)00035-2.Bartel D.P. MicroRNAs: genomics, biogenesis, mechanism, and function. Cell 2006;128(2):281–97.Ambros V. The functions of animal microRNAs. Nature 2004;431(7006):350–5. DOI: 10.1038/nature02871.Lu J., Getz G., Miska E.A. et al. MicroRNA expression profiles classify human cancers. Nature 2005;435:834–8. DOI: 10.1038/nature03702.miRBase: the microRNA database [Сайт]. URL: http://www.mirbase.org/Hunsberger J.G., Fessler EB., Wang Z. et al. Post-insult valproic acid-regulated microRNAs: potential targets for cerebral ischemia. Am J Transplant Res 2012;4(3):316–32. PMID: 22937209.Ajay F.C., Raman P.K., Gunpreet K. et al. MicroRNA therapeutics: Discovering novel targets and developing specific therapy. Perspect Clin Res 2016;7(2):68–74. DOI: 10.4103/2229-3485.179431.Wang J., Chen J., Sen S. MicroRNA as Biomarkers and Diagnostics. J Cell Physiol 2016;231(1):25–30. DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25056.Witwer K.W. Circulating microRNA biomarker studies: pitfalls and potential solutions. Clin Chem 2015;61(1):56–63. DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2014.221341.Berezikov E., Chung W.J., Willis J. Mammalian Mirtron Genes. Mol Cell 2007;28(2):328–36 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2007.09.028.American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts & Figures 2016. Atlanta: American Cancer Society, 2016. Pp. 1–9.Gu W., Xu Y., Xie X. et al. New class of microRNA targets containing simultaneous 5’-UTR and 3’-UTR interaction sites RNA 2014;20 (9):1369–75. DOI: 10.1101/gr.089367.108.Helwak A., Kudla G., Dudnakova T. et al. Mapping the human miRNA interactome by CLASH reveals frequent noncanonical binding. Cell 2013;153(3):654–65. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.03.043.Fedianin M.Yu., Ignatova E.O.,Tyulyandin S.A. Micro-RNA in solid tumors. Zlokachestvennie Opukholi = Malignant tumors 2013;1:3–14 (In Russ.)Федянин М.Ю., Игнатова Е.О., Тюляндин С.А. Рольмикро-РНК при солидных опухолях. Злокачественные опухоли 2013;1:3–14. DOI: 10.18027/2224-5057-2013-1-3-14.Boutz P.L., Chawla G., Stoilov P. et al. MicroRNAs regulate the expression of the alternative splicing factor nPTB during muscle development. Genes Dev 2007;21:71–84. DOI: 10.1101/gad.1500707.Whiteman D.C., Green A.C., Olsen A. et al. The Growing Burden of Invasive Melanoma: Projections of Incidence Rates and Numbers of New Cases in Six Susceptible Populations through 2031. J Invest Dermatol 2016;136(6):1161–71. DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.01.035.Golianek-Whysall K., Sweetman D., Abu-Elmagd M. et al. MicroRNA regulation of the paired-box transcription factor Pax3 confers robustness to developmental timing of myogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2011;108(29):11936–41. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1105362108.Elworthy S., Lister J.A., Carney T.J. et al. Transcriptional regulation of mitfa accounts for the sox10 requirement in zebrafish melanophore development. Development 2003;130(12):2809–18. PMID: 12736222.Nie X., Wang Q., Jiaoa K. et al. Dicer activity in neural crest cells is essential for craniofacial organogenesis and pharyngeal arch artery morphogenesis. Mech Dev 2011;128(3–4):200–7. DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2010.12.002.Dynoodt P., Mestdagh P., van Peer G. et al. Identification of miR-145 as a key regulator of the pigmentary process. J Invest Dermatol 2013;133(1):201–9. DOI: 10.1038/jid.2012.266.Wandler A., Riber-Hansen R., Hager H. et al. Quantification of microRNA-21 and microRNA-125b in melanoma tissue. Melanoma Res 2017;27(5):417–28. DOI: 10.1097/CMR.0000000000000374.Kim K.H., Bin B.H., Kim J. et al. Novel inhibitory function of miR-125b in melanogenesis. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2014;27:140–4. DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12179.Li Y., Huang Q., Shi X. et al. MicroRNA 145 may play an important role in uveal melanoma cell growth by potentially targeting insulin receptor substrate-1. Clin Med J 2014;127(8):1410–6. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0366–6999.20133206.Levy C., Khaled M., Robinson K.C. et al. Lineage-specific transcriptional regulation of DICER by MITF in melanocytes. Cell 2012;141:994–1005. DOI: 10.1016/j.Cell.2010.05.004.Levy C., Khaled M., Robinson K.C. et al. Lineage-specific transcriptional regulation of DICER by MITF in melanocytes. Cell 2012;141:994–1005. DOI: 10.1016/j.Cell.2010.05.004.Caramuta S., Egyhazi S., Rodolfo M. MicroRNA expression profiles associated with mutational status and survival in malignant melanoma. J Invest Dermatol 2010;130(8):2062–70. DOI: 10.1038/jid.2010.63.Banerjee J., Chan Y.C., Chandan K. et al. MicroRNAs in skin and wound healing. Physiol Genomics 2011;43(10):543–56. DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00157.2010.Lawrie C.H. MicroRNAs and haematology: small molecules, big function. Br J Haematol. 2007;137(6):503–12. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2007.06611.x.Mayeux R. Biomarkers: potential uses and limitations. NeuroRx 2004;1(2): 182–8. DOI: 10.1602/neurorx.1.2.182.Toffanin S., Hoshida Y., Lachenmayer A. et al. MicroRNA-based classification of hepatocellular carcinoma and oncogenic role of miR-517a. Gastroenterology. 2011;140(5):1618–28. DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.02.009.Barshack I., Lithwick-Yanai G., Afek A. et al. MicroRNA expression differentiates between primary lung tumors and metastases to the lung. Pathol Res Pract. 2010;206(8):578–84. DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2010.03.005.Vlasov V.V., Rykova E.U., Ponomareva A.A. et al. Circulating blood micro-RNA in lung cancer: perpectives for the diagnostic and prognostic usage and treatment effectiveness assessment. Molekulyarnaya biologiya = Molecular biology 2015;49(1):55–66 (In Russ.)Власов В.В., Рыкова Е.Ю., Пономарева А.А. идр. Циркулирующие микро-РНК крови при раке легкого: перспективы использования для диагностики, прогноза и оценки эффективности терапии. Молекулярная биология 2015;49 (1):55–66. DOI: 10.7868/S0026898415010164Shvetsova U.I., Palkina N.V., Akseenko M.B. et al. Analysis of micro-RNA expression in skin melanoma. Onklogiya. Zhurnal im. P.A. Gertsena = Oncology. Journal of P.A. Hertsen. 2014;3:43–6 (In Russ.)Швецова Ю.И., Палкина Н.В., Аксененко М.Б. идр. Анализ экспрессии микро-РНК при меланомекожи. Онкология. Журнал им. П.А.Герцена. 2014;3:43–6.Ali H., Saleh S., Sethi S. et al. MicroRNA profiling of diagnostic needle aspirates from patients with pancreatic cancer. Br J Cancer 2012;107(8):1354–60. DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.383.Tetzlaff M.T., Liu A., Xu X. et al. Differential expression of miRNAs in papillary thyroid carcinoma compared to multinodular goiter using formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues. Endocrine Pathol 2007;18(3):163–73. DOI: 10.1007/s1202200700237.Fridman E., Dotan Z., Barshack I. et al. Accurate molecular classification of renal tumors using microRNA expression. J Mol Diagn 2010;12 (5):687–96. DOI: 10.2353/jmoldx.2010.090187.Mitchell P.S., Parkin R.K., Kroh E.M. et al. Circulating microRNAs as stable blood-based markers for cancer detection. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2008;105 (30):10513–8. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0804549105.Lin S., Gregory R.I. MicroRNA biogenesis pathways in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2015;15(6):321–33. DOI: 10.1038/nrc3932.Mitchell P.S., Parkin R.K., Kroh E.M. et al. Circulating microRNAs as stable blood-based markers for cancer detection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008;105(30):10513–8.Ding N., Wang S., Qiong Y. et al. Deep sequencing analysis of microRNA expression in human melanocyte and melanoma cell lines. Gene2015;572(1):135–45. DOI: 10.1016/j.Gene.2015.07.013.Stark M.S., Bonazzi V.F., Boyle G.M. et al. MiR-514a regulates the tumour suppressor NF1 and modulates BRAFi sensitivity in melanoma. Oncotarget 2015; Advance Online Publications: P. 3.Brandhagen A.N., Chelsea R.T., Tara M.U. et al. Cytostasis and morphological changes induced by mifepristone in human metastatic cancer cells involve cytoskeletal filamentous actin reorganization and impairment of cell adhesion dynamics. BMC Cancer 2013;13:35–9. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-35.Misso G., Di Martino M.T., De Rosa G. et al. Mir-34: a new weapon against cancer? Mol Ther Nucleic Acids. 2014;3: e194. DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2014.47.Cortez M.A., Ivan C., Valdecanas D. et al. PDL1 regulation by p53 via miR-34. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2015;108(1):182–6. DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djv303.Bloomston M., Frankel W.L., Petrocca F. et al. MicroRNA expression patterns to differentiate pancreatic adenocarcinoma from normal pancreas and chronic pancreatitis. JAMA 2007;297(17):1901–8. DOI: 10.1001/jama.297.17.1901.Mattia G., Errico M.C., Felicetti F. Constitutive activation of the ETS-1-miR-222 circuitry in metastatic melanoma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. 2011;24(5):953–65. DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-148X.2011.00881.x.Cutrona G., Matis S., Ferrarini M. Effects of miRNA-15 and miRNA-16 expression replacement in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: implication for therapy. Leukemia 2017;31:1894–904. DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.394.Beg M.S., Brenner A.J., Sachdev J. Phase I study of MRX34, a liposomal miR-34a mimic, administered twice weekly in patients with advanced solid tumors. Invest New Drugs 2017;35(2):180–8. DOI: 10.1007/s10637016 0407-y.A Multicenter Phase I Study of MRX34, MicroRNA miR-RX34 Liposomal Injection. U. S. National Library of Medicine [Сайт]. URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01829971Kiseleva Ya.Yu., Radko S.P., Bodoev N.V. Circulating micro-RNA as a diagnostic markers of the cancer. Vestnik Rossiyskoy akademii estestvennyh nauk = Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences 2015;5:79–85 (In Russ.)Киселева Я.Ю., Радько С.П., Бодоев H.B. Циркулирующие микроРНК как диагностические маркеры онкологических заболеваний. Вестник Российской академии естественных наук 2015;5:79–85.Qian H., Yang C., Yang Y. MicroRNA-26a inhibits the growth and invasiveness of malignant melanoma and directly targets on MITF gene. Cell Death Discov 2017;3:17028–35. DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2017.28.Fattore L., Costantini S. MicroRNAs in melanoma development and resistance to target therapy. Oncotarget 2017;8(13):22262–78. DOI: 10.18632.