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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Biotherapy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Biotherapy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский биотерапевтический журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-9784</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1726-9792</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1082</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1726-9784-2018-17-2-6-14</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Neoantigens in tumor immunotherapy</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неоантигены в иммунотерапии опухолей</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Baryshnikova</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Барышникова</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Мария Анатольевна Барышникова </bold></p><p><italic>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24 </italic></p></bio><email>ma_ba@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kosobokova</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кособокова</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24 </italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kosorukov</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Косоруков</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24 </italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2018-11-24" publication-format="electronic"><day>24</day><month>11</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>6</fpage><lpage>14</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2018-11-23"><day>23</day><month>11</month><year>2018</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2018-11-23"><day>23</day><month>11</month><year>2018</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://bioterapevt.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/1082">https://bioterapevt.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/1082</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Malignant tumors are known to have complex mutational profiles and harbor concurrent alterations in many somatic genes. The inher ent genetic heterogeneity is a critical determinant of cancer cells. The term of neoantigens was introduce to emphasize that these antigens are specific for cancer cells and are absent in normal tissue. Neoantigenes are highly immunogenic and at present are considered to be the target molecules in cancer therapy. Although the neoantigens have been known for a long time, their study and use became possible with the increase in the availability of mass cluster sequencing to detect all mutations in tumors and bioinformatic algorithms predicting what mutated peptides will be highly affine to human leukocyte antigen autologous molecules with subsequent activation of the immune response. <bold/></p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Раковые клетки в процессе развития опухоли накапливают много мутаций соматических генов. В результате таких генетических мутаций в опухолевых клетках образуются антигены, специфичные только для клеток опухоли и отсутствующие в нормальных тканях. Они получили название «неоантигены». Такие неоантигены могут быть высоко иммуногенными и рассматриваются в качестве молекул-мишеней, воздействие на которые может привести к отторжению опухоли. Хотя о существовании неоантигенов известно уже долгое время, их изучение и использование в терапии опухолей стало возможным только с повышением доступности массового кластерного секвенирования для детекции всех мутаций в опухолях и биоинформационных алгоритмов, предсказывающих, какие мутированные пептиды будут высокоаффинно связываться с аутологичными молекулами человеческих лейкоцитарных антигенов с последующей активацией иммунного ответа.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>neoantigens</kwd><kwd>peptides</kwd><kwd>anticancer vaccines</kwd><kwd>immune check point inhibitors</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>неоантигены</kwd><kwd>пептиды</kwd><kwd>противоопухолевые вакцины</kwd><kwd>блокаторы иммунных чек-пойнтов</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1. Bobisse S., Foukas P.G., Coukos G., Harari A. 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